{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:02:14Z","timestamp":1792105334955,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present work reports a comparative study between extracts obtained by different methods (ultrasonic bath\u2010assisted extraction, maceration, decoction, and Soxhlet extraction) from the leaves of\n                    <jats:italic>Erucastrum virgatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>virgatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected in Sicily (Italy), using ethanol and water as \u201cgreen\u201d solvents. All the extracts were found to be nontoxic after preliminary toxicity evaluation by the\n                    <jats:italic>Artemia salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    lethality bioassay. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were investigated by in vitro methods based on diverse mechanisms. All the extracts showed moderate radical scavenging activity in the 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and mild reducing power, with 70% ethanol extracts exhibiting better activity than aqueous ones. Conversely, all the aqueous extracts showed stronger chelating activity than that of the 70% ethanol ones. Weak antimicrobial properties against selected Gram\u2010positive and Gram\u2010negative bacteria were observed only for 70% ethanol extracts. The results of the spectrophotometric determinations highlighted higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents for all the 70% ethanol extracts compared to the aqueous ones. Furthermore, the phenolic profile of the most promising extracts was characterized by HPLC\u2010PDA\/ESI\u2010MS analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:33:14Z","timestamp":1773905594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Erucastrum virgatum<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>virgatum<\/i>\n                    (Brassicaceae) Endemic to Sicily (Italy): Biological Properties and Phenolic Content of Leaf Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Galletta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Foundation \u201cProf. Antonio Imbesi\u201d University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Dav\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lagan\u00e0 Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromaleont s.r.l., C\/O Messina Institute of Technology c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cacciola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Messina Institute of Technology c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromaleont s.r.l., C\/O Messina Institute of Technology c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Messina Institute of Technology c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Nostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1611-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalizia","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Taviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/phytokeys.220.97724"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722\u2010009\u20109423\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.13184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11263504.2014.908978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102028.2007.00740.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Antifungal Medicinal Plants Used by Communities Adjacent to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, South\u2010Western Uganda. 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