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To date, 82 compounds have been isolated and identified from this plant, including flavonoids (32 compounds, 39.02%), volatile components (19 compounds, 23.17%), and organic acids (16 compounds, 19.51%), along with salicin derivatives (8 compounds) and terpenoids (7 compounds). This review synthesizes the research progress on the phytochemical profile and pharmacological effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Salix caprea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It analyzes the bioactivities of its various components and correlates the structural features of its flavonoids, salicin derivatives, and organic acids with their pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects mediated by acting on targets like COX\u20102 and AKT1. Furthermore, it discusses the mechanisms through which these components exert their effects by modulating key molecular targets. Addressing current research limitations, such as unclear synergistic mechanisms, insufficient toxicological data, and a lack of quality control standards, this paper proposes key directions for future research. It suggests deepening investigations into molecular mechanisms and in vivo efficacy evaluations, improving safety assessment systems, and exploring modern pharmaceutical technologies like nano\u2010delivery systems. This review aims to provide a scientific basis for the modern development and evidence\u2010based medical application of this traditional medicinal plant.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T19:24:47Z","timestamp":1776453887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Characterization and Pharmacological Activity of Natural Compounds From\n                    <i>Salix caprea<\/i>\n                    L."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"He","family":"Jianhua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Qingzhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Technology Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Jingwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Xijie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Santa Paula, Curridabat  San Jos\u00e9 Costa Rica"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Analytics Group  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3896-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilaram","family":"Nijat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Materia Medica Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"On the Classification and Distribution of the Family Salicaceae","volume":"19","author":"Zhao N.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3100\/1043-4534(2007)12[335:SSDMAA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Origin, Divergence and Geographical Distribution of Salicaceae","volume":"3","author":"Ding T. 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