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Bioassays were performed using\n                    <jats:italic>Lactuca sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    to assess macroscopic parameters, including germination percentage, germination speed index, and root growth (RG), as well as microscopic parameters, such as the mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal alteration (CA) and nuclear alteration (NA). Compounds\n                    <jats:bold>2b<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>2e<\/jats:bold>\n                    , bearing\n                    <jats:italic>ortho<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010bromine and\n                    <jats:italic>meta<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010chlorine substituents, respectively, exhibited the highest phytotoxic activity, with effects comparable to glyphosate. In contrast,\n                    <jats:bold>2c<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:bold>2d<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:bold>2f<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:bold>2g<\/jats:bold>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:bold>2h<\/jats:bold>\n                    , which contain other halogens and different aromatic patterns, stimulated RG. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that\n                    <jats:bold>2b<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>2e<\/jats:bold>\n                    significantly reduced the MI and increased NA and CA, indicating cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. Theoretical calculations of physicochemical properties showed that\n                    <jats:bold>2b<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:bold>2e<\/jats:bold>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:bold>2g<\/jats:bold>\n                    are hydrophilic. In contrast, the others are lipophilic, a feature that may influence their interaction with plant tissues and help explain the observed differences. Compared with glyphosate, the compounds\n                    <jats:bold>2b<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>2e<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited a variety of intermolecular interactions due to their hydrophilic behavior, resulting in lower docking energy and surpassing the quality and quantity of interactions observed with glyphosate itself. These findings highlight\n                    <jats:bold>2b<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>2e<\/jats:bold>\n                    as promising candidates for the development of herbicides with alternative modes of action.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:19:32Z","timestamp":1769602772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytogenotoxic Effects and Physicochemical and Molecular Profiles of Eugenol\u2010Derived Triazoles With Phytotoxic Potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Thayllon de Assis","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Biologia Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thammyres de Assis","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Biologia Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poliana Aparecida Rodrigues","family":"Gazolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica e F\u00edsica Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela Maria Almeida","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica e F\u00edsica Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Belizario","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica e F\u00edsica Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William dos Santos","family":"Belarmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica e F\u00edsica Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Luiz","family":"Sena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica e F\u00edsica Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bson Ricardo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias Terra","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Biologia Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othon Souto","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilson Vidal","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Qu\u00edmica e F\u00edsica Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-9518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milene Miranda","family":"Pra\u00e7a\u2010Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento De Biologia Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Alto Universit\u00e1rio  Alegre Esp\u00edrito Santo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_9_2_1.1","unstructured":"\"Proje\u00e7\u00f5es do Agroneg\u00f3cio: Brasil 2023\/2024"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_9_2_1.2","unstructured":"Bras\u00edlia 2024 \"Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura e Pecu\u00e1ria (MAPA) accessed September 17 2025 https:\/\/www.gov.br\/agricultura\/pt\u2010br\/assuntos\/politica\u2010agricola\/todas\u2010publicacoes\u2010de\u2010politica\u2010agricola\/projecoes\u2010do\u2010agronegocio\/projecoes\u2010do\u2010agronegocio\u20102022\u20102023\u2010a\u20102032\u20102033.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","article-title":"Phytotoxic and Cytogenetic Assessment of Glycerol Triazole Derivatives in Model Plants and Weeds","volume":"22","author":"Alves T. 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