{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T12:45:29Z","timestamp":1775997929062,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ephedrae Herba (EH), a traditional Chinese medicine long used for asthma treatment, is commonly processed with honey to yield honey\u2010processed Ephedrae Herba (HEH), a form believed to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This study developed an integrated approach combining bioactivity evaluation, mass spectrometry, and machine learning to identify the key anti\u2010inflammatory constituents of HEH. HEH extract was separated into five fractions using column chromatography. Anti\u2010inflammatory activity was assessed in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)\u2010induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, with Fr C demonstrating the strongest inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and IL\u20106 production. UPLC\u2010quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometer (Q\u2010TOF\u2010MS) and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS)\u2010based molecular networking enabled the tentative identification of 150 compounds in Fr C. Using the machine learning model (InflamNat) and molecular docking, 14 compounds were predicted to show anti\u2010inflammatory potential. Four high\u2010priority compounds were selected based on docking scores and experimentally validated. Each significantly suppressed the release of NO and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). These results indicate that the enhanced anti\u2010inflammatory activity of HEH is attributable to its flavonoid and alkaloid components, providing a chemical basis for its traditional use in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Our findings not only clarify the material basis of HEH's but also demonstrate a powerful analytical strategy for rapidly identifying bioactive compounds in processed herbal medicines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:39:38Z","timestamp":1772966378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Integrative Workflow Combining Machine Learning and GNPS to Identify Key Anti\u2010Inflammatory Constituents in Honey\u2010Processed Ephedrae Herba (\n                    <i>Ephedra sinica<\/i>\n                    Stapf)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hengyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy Hebei University of Chinese Medicine  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Centre on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy Hebei University of Chinese Medicine  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"Department of Chinese Materia Medica Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy Hebei University of Chinese Medicine  Shijiazhuang China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Centre on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional 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