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Most of the synthesized compounds showed pronounced anti\u2010inflammatory activity. Notably, compound\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    exhibited the most potent anti\u2010inflammatory activity among all synthesized compounds, with 95.52% inhibition following intraperitoneal administration, and was more active than the reference drug celecoxib. Furthermore, compound\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    effectively suppressed LPS\u2010induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration\u2010dependent manner, while significantly decreasing NO levels in xylene\u2010induced mouse ear edema, demonstrating consistent NO inhibitory effects across both in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. Molecular docking was employed to explore the binding mode of representative compound\n                    <jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\n                    with COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 enzymes. Additionally, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity) predictive assays were employed to conduct a preliminary assessment of the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of the optimized derivatives. This work thereby lays a crucial theoretical groundwork for subsequent in\u2010depth preclinical studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T05:56:12Z","timestamp":1775800572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activity of Carbazole Derivatives: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Medical University  Jilin Jilin Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqian","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Medical University  Jilin Jilin Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yanbian University  Yanji Jilin Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianuo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yanbian University  Yanji Jilin Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuntian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Medical University  Jilin Jilin Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianmin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Medical University  Jilin Jilin Province P. R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167\u20105699(94)90137\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2.2.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Cardiovascular Complications of Nonsteroidal Anti\u2010inflammatory Drugs","volume":"35","author":"Fosslien E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152906777441803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Carbazole Derivatives as Free Radical Scavengers","volume":"42","author":"Naik N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bulgarian Chemical Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2019.103107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200490100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2011.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.12.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.04.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202503108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2020.1850713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787\u2010007\u20100013\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21111520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030\u2010021\u201010236\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202500895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202301844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2025.101537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1566822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9923941"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202503786","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202503786","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202503786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:47:37Z","timestamp":1785340057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202503786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202503786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202503786","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03786"}}