{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T22:10:01Z","timestamp":1788127801720,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ftirma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1919B012304266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1919B012304266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study explores the eco\u2010friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO\u2010NPs) using polyphenol\u2010rich extracts from melon (\n                    <jats:italic>Cucumis melo<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) peel and seeds as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) determined the ideal synthesis conditions at a 0.078\u00a0mol\/L metal concentration, 14.73\u00a0mL extract, and pH 10.77. Characterization through XRD confirmed a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with an average size of 21.7\u00a0nm, while SEM and TEM imaging revealed predominantly spherical morphologies. UV\u2013visible DRS analysis showed a 368\u00a0nm absorption edge with a calculated band gap of 3.21\u00a0eV. DLS measurements indicated a hydrodynamic diameter of 135.6\u00a0nm with a PDI of 0.206 and a zeta potential of \u221220.5\u00a0mV, confirming good colloidal stability. The resulting NPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 40.7\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) and acted as effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes. Specifically, ZnO\u2010NPs enabled the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB), achieving 63.56% degradation for 5\u00a0mg L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    MO. These findings demonstrate that melon\u2010waste\u2010derived ZnO\u2010NPs are sustainable and promising candidates for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T19:26:31Z","timestamp":1776453991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sustainable Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles From Melon\n                    <i>(Cucumis melo L.)<\/i>\n                    By\u2010Products: RSM Optimization, Structural Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Photocatalytic Performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rabia Nur","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering  Beyo\u011flu \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering  Avc\u0131lar \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130brahim","family":"Kaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marmara University Faculty of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering  Maltepe \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf Sezai","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering  Beyo\u011flu \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e","family":"Alt\u0131nkeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Chemical Engineering  Beyo\u011flu \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Alt\u0131nba\u015f University Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Industrial Engineering  \u0130stanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2014.09.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.01.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.202400543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.14583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S487188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.01.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2019.102807"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.139110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reffit.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.111650"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174\u2010025\u201000283\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2019.102807"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxmate.2025.101575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091755"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2019.1613662"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2021.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-017-7254-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2021.110313"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-017-6807-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202200146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/s43580\u2010026\u201001550\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.137066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762\u2010024\u201005459\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202402724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2012.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-020-04632-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501858"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2026.116449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2015.03.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2021.106335"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267\u2010025\u201002158\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00986445.2025.2556134"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-02690-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-02232-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399\u2010023\u201005147\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.184302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110133"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40097\u2010018\u20100257\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet\u2010nbt.2018.5396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201\u2010021\u201001370\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339\u2010025\u201008874\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201090305\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.105846"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339\u2010025\u201008874\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.136465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal15100924"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.113574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538\u2010023\u201000432\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages10020042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2022.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2024.106905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2025.106295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581\u2010025\u201006468\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399\u2010023\u201005063\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2018.1547925"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.03.729"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.141017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106649"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2025.142929"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399\u2010023\u201004827\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2021.100995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c04857"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14050928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crgsc.2021.100214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-018-9176-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c00310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4786227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11010104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/resources13060070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311\u2010020\u201001074\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14142449"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399\u2010023\u201004363\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40097\u2010021\u201000460\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onano.2022.100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114277"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","article-title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Sol\u2010Gel Method","volume":"251","author":"Karunakaran C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik (Stuttg)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su141811300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5004\/dwt.2021.26741"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2022.100626"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904\u2010023\u201002654\u20104"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.71224","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:48:14Z","timestamp":1785340094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.71224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.71224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.71224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71224"}}