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In this study, a bioactivity\u2010guided strategy was employed to characterize its active constituents. The ethyl acetate fraction significantly reduced LPS\u2010induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages at 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL. UPLC\u2010QTOF\/MS analysis tentatively identified seven biflavonoids, including amentoflavone (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), 2,3\u2010dihydroamentoflavone (\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), robustaflavone (\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), 7\u2033\u2010methoxyrobustaflavone (\n                    <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), hinokiflavone (\n                    <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), isocryptomerin (\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), and neocryptomerin (\n                    <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                    ). Among them, five compounds exhibited strong inhibitory activities against both cyclooxygenase\u20101 (COX\u20101) and cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102). Amentoflavone showed the most potent inhibition, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 2.35 \u00b1 0.05\u00a0\u00b5M for COX\u20101 and 5.14 \u00b1 0.16\u00a0\u00b5M for COX\u20102. In addition, a validated HPLC method was established for simultaneous quantification. Quantitative analysis of 11 batches revealed pronounced variability in biflavonoid content across different geographical origins, highlighting the necessity of multi\u2010marker quality evaluation. Overall, these results provide insights into the chemical basis, anti\u2010inflammatory activity, and quality evaluation of\n                    <jats:italic>S. tamariscina<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:19:36Z","timestamp":1781846376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Composition and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activity of\n                    <i>Selaginella tamariscina<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Haimin","family":"Kuai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 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Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6784-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3994-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 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