{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:05:45Z","timestamp":1785330345169,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a decline in kidney function.\n                    <jats:italic>Amaranthus spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a medicinal plant reported for antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, and nephroprotective properties. The study evaluates the effectiveness of\n                    <jats:italic>Amaranthus spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    hydroalcoholic extract (250\u00a0mg\/kg &amp; 500\u00a0mg\/kg) and its polyphenol rich fraction (50\u00a0mg\/kg &amp; 100\u00a0mg\/kg) in an adenine\u2010induced CKD in rats. CKD was induced in\n                    <jats:italic>Sprague Dawley<\/jats:italic>\n                    rats by oral administration of adenine (0.3% w\/w) for 28 days, followed by a 28 days treatment with the extract and fraction. At the end of the study, biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers, glomerular filtration rate, TGF\u2010\u03b21, and Smad3 expressions were studied. Significant increase (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) in BUN, creatinine, protein excretion rate, albumin excretion rate, and inflammatory cytokines was reported in only adenine\u2010fed animals when compared with animals in the normal control group. Treatment with the extract and its fraction significantly increased GFR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001, respectively). Treatment significantly affected biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers. Histopathological study indicated decreased kidney tissue damage. The higher dose of\n                    <jats:italic>Amaranthus spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (500\u00a0mg\/kg) exhibited decreased expression of TGF\u2010\u03b21 and Smad3 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001 and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05, respectively). The results of the study indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>Amaranthus spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has significant effects in CKD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T18:49:11Z","timestamp":1785178151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of\n                    <i>Amaranthus spinosus<\/i>\n                    Extract and Its Polyphenol Rich Fraction in Adenine\u2010Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Experimental Animals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Pranali B.","family":"Yeram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &amp; Technology Management SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed to Be University  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amisha","family":"Vora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &amp; Technology Management SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed to Be University  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh A.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &amp; Technology Management SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed to Be University  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease","author":"Vaidya S. 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