{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:04:48Z","timestamp":1785330288267,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Sporisorium reilianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S. reilianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is an agricultural pathogen that causes disease and reduces yield in sorghum and maize crops. However, head smut\u2010infected sorghum and maize have been traditionally utilized for edible and medicinal purposes in some regions. In this study, the structure and immunostimulatory potency of a new slightly branched \u03b2\u2010glucan WM\u20100.25(P) obtained from the\n                    <jats:italic>S. reilianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected sorghum head smut were explored. WM\u20100.25(P) was a \u03b2\u2010glucan with a molecular weight of 69.67\u00a0kDa and was composed of \u03b2\u20101,6\u2010D\u2010Glcp as the main chain and \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010D\u2010Glcp as the side chain. There was approximately one branch for every 11 sugars on the main chain. WM\u20100.25(P) triggered morphological alterations, enhanced phagocytic activity, and upregulated the expression of surface molecules, while promoting the production of ROS, NO, and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The function blocking antibodies to toll\u2010like receptor revealed that TLR4 mainly participated in the recognition and immunostimulatory function of WM\u20100.25(P). Simultaneously, WM\u20100.25(P) modulated macrophage inflammatory response mainly through activation of the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway. The results indicated that WM\u20100.25(P), with a low branching degree derived from\n                    <jats:italic>S. reilianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected sorghum head smut, exerted moderate immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. Further in vivo studies are warranted to evaluate its translational potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:55:39Z","timestamp":1784199339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of a New Slightly Branched \u03b2\u2010glucan in\n                    <i>Sporisorium reilianum<\/i>\n                    \u2010Infected Sorghum Head Smut"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Changchang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean University  Zhoushan P. R. 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