{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:27:50Z","timestamp":1791260870820,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary drug delivery is used for local treatment of lung diseases and for systemic administration of drugs requiring rapid absorption. Drug delivery to the lungs is limited by mucociliary clearance, macrophage uptake, and short residence time of inhaled formulations. Polymer\u2010based carrier systems have therefore been explored to improve lung retention and delivery efficiency. Chitosan, a polysaccharide obtained from chitin, is biodegradable, biocompatible, and positively charged, enabling interaction with negatively charged pulmonary mucus. When formulated as nanoparticles, chitosan allows modulation of particle size, surface charge, and drug release behavior, which are critical parameters for pulmonary deposition. Chitosan nanoparticles have been investigated for delivery of small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids in respiratory infections, inflammatory lung diseases, and lung cancer. Reported studies demonstrate improved lung localization and sustained drug release compared with conventional formulations. This review summarizes formulation approaches used for the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery and discusses key physicochemical factors influencing their performance. Limitations related to aerosolization behavior and formulation reproducibility are also considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:41:17Z","timestamp":1783496477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chitosan Nanoparticles in Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Unleashing the Potential for Targeted and Effective Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anchal","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ganpat University  Kherva Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8242-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhupendra G.","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Parul University  Vadodara Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3000-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Salave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Pharmaceutics National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad Gujarat India"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center University of Kansas  Lawrence Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6621-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Dudhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy RK University  Rajkot Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2848-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar Awad","family":"Alsaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Jouf University  Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4007-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami I.","family":"Alzarea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Jouf University  Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dignesh","family":"Khunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Gujarat Technological University  Gandhinagar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7264-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandrakantsing V.","family":"Pardeshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics R. 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