{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1785330326750,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chitosan extracted from\n                    <jats:italic>Labeo rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                    fish scales via chemical demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation yields 25% overall from raw scales. The chitosan has 88%\u201390% deacetylation, a molecular weight (MW) of 109.5\u00a0kDa, and low residual ash (0.1%) and protein (0.29%). Composite films (CGP) with fixed gelatin: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 10:5) and varying chitosan (1%\u20137% w\/v) are prepared. FTIR confirms cross\u2011linking; SEM shows smooth surfaces for CGP 3% and CGP 5%, but rougher texture for CGP 7%. Water uptake decreases with higher chitosan content (160% for CGP 1% vs. 22% for CGP 7%). PBS buffer uptake is highest for CGP 1%\u20135% (80%\u2013120%), and lowest for CGP 7% (\u223c40%). Lower chitosan content slows degradation. Tensile strength increases with chitosan concentration (27\u00a0MPa for CGP 1% to 32.8\u00a0MPa for CGP 7%), while elongation at break decreases (13% to 4%). Antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is strongest for CGP 3% and CGP 5% (inhibition zones 13\u201314\u00a0mm), outperforming pure chitosan. In the hen's egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (HET\u2011CAM) assay, CGP 3% induces the highest angiogenic response (27.2 \u00b1 0.3\u00a0vs. 12.9 \u00b1 0.6 vessels in control), with no toxicity. CGP 3% and CGP 5% are optimal for wound\u2011healing applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:57:09Z","timestamp":1784199429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Valorization of Fish Scale Waste Into Composite Films: Physicochemical, Mechanical, Antibacterial, and HET\u2010CAM Angiogenesis Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fareeha","family":"Aftab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Lahore College for Women University  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Lahore College for Women University  Lahore 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