{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:05:24Z","timestamp":1785330324427,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Spilanthes paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (toothache plant) belongs to the Asteraceae plant family and has been traditionally used in dentistry for treating several oral ailments, including gingivitis, periodontitis, odontalgia, and xerostomia. This present study investigated the in vitro antibacterial\u2010antibiofilm activities of\n                    <jats:italic>S. paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oils (EOs) from leaves and flowers against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    using agar well diffusion and biofilm assays. Further, quantitative phytochemical analyses of EOs were carried out using GC\u2013MS analysis, where Spathulenol, Germacrene D, and (E)\u2010caryophyllene were found to be leading preliminary phytochemical constituents. Molecular docking investigated the binding efficacy against biofilm\u2010associated target enzymes, sortase A of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and PgaB of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , taking tetracycline as a standard. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles were also predicted. The in vitro studies suggested the flower EOs exhibited stronger antibacterial\u2010antibiofilm potency than the leaf EOs, with the leading inhibition zone (ZI) (27.66\u00a0mm) and MIC (\u2265 125\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) values against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Docking results indicated that (E)\u2010caryophyllene comparatively showed high binding affinities with SrtA (\u22125.91 and \u22126.03\u00a0kcal\/mol) along with PgaB (\u22126.2\u00a0kcal\/mol). Overall, scientific validation of the traditional claim of\n                    <jats:italic>S. paniculata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and flower EOs could be used as a natural oral therapy against biofilm\u2010related infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T17:51:23Z","timestamp":1785088283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Anti\u2010Biofilm Mechanisms of\n                    <i>Spilanthes paniculata<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil Against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro and In Silico Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Soumya Subhashree","family":"Satapathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun Kumar","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer Ranjan","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nihar Ranjan","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Kalyani India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanat Kumar","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dental Sciences Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University)  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13050689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568\u2010017\u20100505\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010015\u20102136\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X241245234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31893\/multiscience.2024026"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Spilanthes acmella\u2014a Dental Note","volume":"25","author":"Srinath J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jhp.2025.51533"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415x.2020.1815330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032\u2010024\u201002523\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/510298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25303\/1912rjbt079084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectroscopy","author":"Adams R. 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