{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:49:29Z","timestamp":1792525769268,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Euphorbia antiquorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. (Euphorbiaceae), a traditionally used Asian medicinal plant, was systematically evaluated for its antidiabetic efficacy through a bioactivity\u2010guided approach integrating in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. Among the four solvent fractions of the ethanolic stem extract, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant and glucose utilization activity. Column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction yielded several subfractions, among which Fraction 2 (CEA2) showed strong antioxidant activity and significantly enhanced glucose utilization and GLUT4 translocation (p &lt; 0.01). In a 63\u2010day high\u2010fat high\u2010fructose diet and low\u2010dose streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rat model, CEA2 (200 and 400\u00a0mg\/kg) markedly reduced fasting blood glucose, improved body weight, restored biochemical parameters, and decreased TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 levels, while also improving pancreatic and hepatic histopathology. Western blotting confirmed significant upregulation of plasma membrane GLUT4 (p &lt; 0.01). LC\u2010MS profiling identified major compounds, including 3\u2010O\u2010trans\u2010p\u2010coumaroyltormentic acid and geranyl acetoacetate, which demonstrated strong binding to IRS\u20101 and Akt\u2010PKB in docking and molecular dynamics analyses, key regulators of GLUT4 vesicle mobilization. This study provides one of the first comprehensive validations establishing CEA2 as a potent modulator of insulin signaling and GLUT4 mobilization, supporting\n                    <jats:italic>E. antiquorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a promising phytopharmaceutical candidate for type 2 diabetes management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T07:05:03Z","timestamp":1785481503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Bioactive Fraction of\n                    <i>Euphorbia antiquorum<\/i>\n                    Stem Powder Ameliorates High\u2010Fat High\u2010Fructose Diet\/Streptozotocin\u2010Induced Diabetes via GLUT\u20104 Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-652X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lunasmrita","family":"Saikia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam Down Town University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0907-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Partha Pratim","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam Down Town University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhurbajyoti","family":"Gogoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Assam Down Town University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazim Unddin","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Infectious Diseases CSIR\u2010North East Institute of Science and Technology  Jorhat Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasenjit","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Infectious Diseases CSIR\u2010North East Institute of Science and Technology  Jorhat Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7824-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Inti International University  Nilai Negeri Sembilan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santa","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam Down Town University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaskarjyoti","family":"Gogoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology The Assam Royal Global University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish Kumar","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam Down Town University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saikat","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Assam Down Town University  Guwahati Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1531\/1\/012078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202400331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00929"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic and Antinociceptive Activities of Methanolic Extract of Euphorbia Thymifolia L. whole Plants","volume":"10","author":"Rahmatullah M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Ethno\u2010Medicinal Uses and Screening of Plants for Antibacterial Activity From Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India","author":"Panda S. K.","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"P.Deka K. K.Nath andS. K.Borthakur \u201cEthoiatrical uses ofEuphorbia antiquorumL. andE. ligulariaRoxb. in Assam \u201d7 no.3(2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1789634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b00134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20150904094206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5OB00318K"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2024.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11212886"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjp.v11i4.28185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-020-01985-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1824790"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00423-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.277.3.E572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c01368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1086581"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9111609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2024.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Serum Iron Concentration and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Patients","volume":"54","author":"Mandal \u0160.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Chemists & Technologists of Bosnia & Herzegovina\/Glasnik Hemi\u010dara i Tehnologa Bosne i Hercegovine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.407833"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm051197e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12120746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15122291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1844056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-987X(199604)17:5\/6<490::AID-JCC1>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2260879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_591_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14010040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00245-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00538-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59917-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1224-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1459752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1692742"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2009.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8273789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2023.113682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60708-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12599"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Cycloartane Triterpenoids From Euphorbia Macrostegia With Their Cytotoxicity Against MDA\u2010MB48 and MCF\u20107 Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"13","author":"Baniadam S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2025.114663"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Novel IRS\u20101\u2010associated Protein, DGK\u03b6 Regulates GLUT4 Translocation in 3T3\u2010L1 Adipocytes","volume":"6","author":"Liu T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327114561663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2025.106405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.035568"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71521","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.71521","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71521","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T08:27:58Z","timestamp":1788856078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.71521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.71521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.71521","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71521"}}