{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:09:11Z","timestamp":1788858551454,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti\u2010virulence potential of\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Thymus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0essential oil (TvEO), along with its antioxidant activity. GC\u2013MS analysis identified 32 constituents, representing 97.83% of the total composition, with thymol as the predominant compound, accounting for more than 70%. The TvEO exhibited notable bactericidal activity against the tested bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.0078% to 0.03125% (\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) showed the highest sensitivity, with the lowest MIC value (0.0078%). Furthermore, TvEO reduced MRSA biofilm formation by more than 90% at the highest tested concentration (1%\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and decreased established biofilms by approximately 60%. Molecular docking analysis indicated that certain components of TvEO may interact with CrtM and SarA proteins, which are involved in\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Moreover, TvEO demonstrated significant antioxidant potential according to DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 8,81 \u00b1 0,02 and 2,93 \u00b1 0,08\u00a0mg\/mL, respectively, comparable to ascorbic acid. Additionally, molecular docking revealed that caryophyllene and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010terpinene exhibited the strongest interactions with (PDB ID: 3QFT). These findings suggest that TEO represents a cost\u2010effective natural source of antibacterial and antioxidant agents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:12:43Z","timestamp":1785431563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of\n                    <i>Thymus vulgaris<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil From Tiaret, Algeria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Soumia","family":"Dakhouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax  Sfax Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouna","family":"Mnif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENSI University of Manouba  Manouba Tunisia"},{"name":"The Higher Institute of Business administration of Gafsa University of Gafsa  Gafsa Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Mnif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax  Sfax Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1352273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2019.100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010026\u201001202\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30183733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01174"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770\u2010024\u201001374\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1279082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1297843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14114614"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) From Eastern Morocco","volume":"11","author":"Imelouane B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1800"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.04.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oils of Commonly Consumed Medicinal Herbs","volume":"4","author":"Sokovi\u0107 M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Essential Oil Composition of Thymus vulgaris and Their Uses","volume":"11","author":"Shabnum S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696\u2010022\u201002302\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413\u20107054201943006819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15421\/011937"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Mentha Pulegium L. and Mentha Spicata L. 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