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In this study, pectin was chemically modified to prepare pectin hydrazide, pectin oxadiazole, and pectin triazole derivatives as eco\u2010friendly heterocyclic biopolymer\u2010based larvicides. Structural modification was confirmed by spectroscopic, thermal, and morphological characterization. Larvicidal activity was evaluated against third\u2010instar\n                    <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae after 24 and 48\u00a0h of exposure. Mortality increased in a concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner, with pectin hydrazide showing the highest activity after 48\u00a0h and an LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 0.31\u00a0ppm, followed by pectin oxadiazole (0.52\u00a0ppm) and pectin triazole (0.55\u00a0ppm). Biochemical assays showed changes in total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents, together with ATPase inhibition and increased glutathione\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010transferase activity, indicating disruption of energy metabolism, membrane\u2010associated processes, and detoxification responses. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations supported favorable interactions and stable binding with selected insect\u2010related protein targets, while DFT calculations provided insight into electronic properties and potential reactive sites. Overall, these findings highlight pectin\u2010derived heterocycles as promising renewable candidates for environmentally compatible larvicidal development against\n                    <jats:italic>C. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The integrated experimental and computational results demonstrate that chemical functionalization of pectin can enhance larvicidal performance while retaining a renewable biopolymer platform.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:06:51Z","timestamp":1789103211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eco\u2010Friendly Pectin\u2010Derived Heterocycles as Potent Larvicides: Biochemical and Insecticidal Insights Against\n                    <i>Culex pipiens<\/i>\n                    With Computational Investigation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0293-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa M.","family":"Fahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Green Chemistry National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa E.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omina M. 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