{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:09:25Z","timestamp":1788858565913,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of\n                    <jats:italic>E. alata<\/jats:italic>\n                    using an integrated approach combining phytochemical profiling, molecular docking, and Box\u2013Behnken optimization of extraction conditions. Stem extracts were prepared by maceration, sonication, and ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction using dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, and methanol\/water. Solvent polarity markedly affected extraction efficiency, with methanol and aqueous methanol yielding the highest extraction rates (up to 26.11 \u00b1 0.01%), total phenolics (58.09 \u00b1 1.07\u00a0mg GAE\/g DW), flavonoids (9.81 \u00b1 0.11\u00a0mg CE\/g DW), condensed tannins (635.23 \u00b1 3.05\u00a0mg CE\/g DW), antioxidant capacity (500.46 \u00b1 55.10\u00a0mg AAE\/g DW), and the lowest DPPH IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.005 \u00b1 0.001\u00a0mg\/mL). RP\u2010HPLC\u2010PDA identified nine phenolic compounds, with gallic acid as the predominant constituent. Molecular docking of gallic acid against human aromatase (CYP19A1) revealed favorable binding (\u0394G = \u22125.88\u00a0kcal\/mol; Ki = 49.38 \u00b5M), supported by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Box\u2013Behnken response surface analysis generated significant quadratic models (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    &gt; 0.95), enabling optimization of extraction conditions for maximum phenolic recovery and antioxidant activity. These findings identify\n                    <jats:italic>E. alata<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a promising natural source of gallic acid and bioactive phenolic antioxidants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:11:46Z","timestamp":1787753506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gallic Acid\u2013Rich\n                    <i>Ephedra alata<\/i>\n                    : Integrated Phytochemical Profiling, Aromatase Docking, and Optimized Extraction via Box\u2013Behnken Design"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6638-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadjat","family":"Chekroun\u2010Bechlaghem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory Department of Sciences Institute of Applied Sciences and Technologies University Abou\u2010Bekr Belkaid  Tlemcen Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5624-4627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabila","family":"Belyagoubi\u2010Benhammou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty Of\u00a0Natural and Life Sciences Earth and Universe University Abou\u2010Bekr Belkaid  Tlemcen Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zineb","family":"Kaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Exact and Computer Sciences Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University Mostaganem Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biomathematics University Djillali Liabes  Sidi Bel Abbes Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Zitouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty Of\u00a0Natural and Life Sciences Earth and Universe University Abou\u2010Bekr Belkaid  Tlemcen Algeria"},{"name":"Department of Agri\u2010Food Faculty of Science and Technology University Belhadj Bouchaib A\u00efn Temouchent Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5364-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imad Abdelhamid","family":"El Haci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty Of\u00a0Natural and Life Sciences Earth and Universe University Abou\u2010Bekr Belkaid  Tlemcen Algeria"},{"name":"Centre De Recherche Scientifique Et Technique en Analyses Physico\u2010Chimiques (CRAPC) BP 384 Bou\u2010Ismail Tipaza Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelghani","family":"Bouchama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre De Recherche Scientifique Et Technique en Analyses Physico\u2010Chimiques (CRAPC) BP 384 Bou\u2010Ismail Tipaza Algeria"},{"name":"Plateau Technique d'Analyses Physico\u2010chimiques PTAPC  Mostaganem Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Djafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre De Recherche Scientifique Et Technique en Analyses Physico\u2010Chimiques (CRAPC) BP 384 Bou\u2010Ismail Tipaza Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Technology and Solid Properties (LTPS) Faculty of Sciences and Technology Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University  Mostaganem Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1491777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1611842"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4np00007b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"190","article-title":"The Essential Oil of Algerian Ephedra Alata Subsp. 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