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The new substituted thiazole derivatives\n                    <jats:bold>3, 5a, 5b,<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>5c<\/jats:bold>\n                    , were determined and examined for their ability to suppress mild steel corrosion in 1\u00a0M HCl using spectroscopic analyses. The findings showed that inhibition efficiency rose with concentration, peaking at 5\u00a0g\/L (93%). The charge transfer resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ct<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) increased from 36\u00a0\u03a9\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (blank) to 370.87\u00a0\u03a9\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0M concentration. It was found to have an efficiency IE% in the order of\n                    <jats:bold>5c<\/jats:bold>\n                    95.10%\u00a0&gt;\u00a0\n                    <jats:bold>5b<\/jats:bold>\n                    92.56%\u00a0&gt;\u00a0\n                    <jats:bold>5a<\/jats:bold>\n                    89.01%\u00a0&gt;\u00a0\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    83.41% at elevated temperatures (298 K for 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0M concentration). While adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm, itindicates the negative values of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    ads which indicate a spontaneous adsorption process. The surface analysis results from SEM were consistent with previous experimental results. Moreover, compound\n                    <jats:bold>5c<\/jats:bold>\n                    's energy gap (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u00a0=\u00a01.99\u00a0eV and a larger value of E\n                    <jats:sub>HOMO<\/jats:sub>\n                    , indicating substantial inhibitory activity. The most potent inhibitor was identified by DFT thiazole derivative\n                    <jats:bold>5c<\/jats:bold>\n                    . These computations showed that a high corrosion prevention efficiency is a result of the thiazole derivative with group of high electron density.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:04:02Z","timestamp":1789103042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT of Some Thiazole Derivatives as Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibitors in 1\u00a0M HCl"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghada 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