{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:09:08Z","timestamp":1788858548989,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although some studies have validated the traditional use of several Celtis species as antidiabetic agents, pharmacological reports on the antidiabetic activity of\n                    <jats:italic>Celtis africana<\/jats:italic>\n                    are scarce. This study investigated the antioxidant capacity of plant leaf extracts; their inhibitory effects on lipid\u2010 and carbohydrate\u2010digesting enzymes; modulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake, hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities, and intestinal glucose absorption; and their protective capacity against oxidative damage in cardiac tissue. The\n                    <jats:italic>C. africana<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extracts showed good concentrations of both phenolics and flavonoid constituents, along with an array of other bioactive phytocompounds identified by GC\u2013MS analysis. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity and inhibited the carbohydrate digestive enzymes \u03b1\u2010amylase and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase. They also retarded intestinal glucose absorption and increased glucose uptake in psoas muscle tissue of rats and in a yeast cell suspension.\n                    <jats:italic>C. africana<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced lipid peroxidation while concomitantly augmenting reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in iron\u2010mediated oxidative cardiac injury. Methoxy\u2010phenyl\u2010oxime and 3\u2010carboxy\u20101H\u2010indol\u20105\u2010olate had the best binding affinities against the digestive protein targets.\n                    <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis suggests a link between indole\u2010based compounds and the observed bioactivities. Further,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments are necessary to verify these findings and elucidate their underlying modes of action.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:27:12Z","timestamp":1787754432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Celtis africana<\/i>\n                    (N. L. Burm.) Modulates Glucose Homeostasis and Mitigates Cardiac Tissue Oxidative Injury: Insights From an\n                    <i>Ex Vivo<\/i>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9184-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian K.","family":"Beseni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2987-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kolawole A.","family":"Olofinsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMITD) Unit, Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica F.","family":"Salau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"},{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMITD) Unit, Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ochuko L.","family":"Erukainure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0309-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0584-6223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-202-LB"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"IDF International Diabetes Federation Atlas.9th ed.;International Diabetes Federation Brussels: Belgium 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i2.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0225-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.003319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1124-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202501160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-026-04563-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-021-00598-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.03.024"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"906","article-title":"Ethnobotanical Information of Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Cancer in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"92","author":"Koduru S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Anti\u2010Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Total Phenolic Content of the Ethanolic Extracts of Celtis africana Burm. f","volume":"6","author":"Borquaye L. 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