{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:56:12Z","timestamp":1790546172960,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aesculus hippocastanum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0L. is a well\u2010established medicinal plant used for the treatment of venous disorders and inflammation. Despite its wide therapeutic application, systematic comparisons of the phytochemical profile of horse chestnut seed extracts prepared according to pharmacopeial extraction protocols remain scarce. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize and compare the metabolite profiles of hydroalcoholic and aqueous fermented seed extracts prepared according to official pharmacopeial procedures. Extracts were analyzed using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and electrospray ion\u2010trap mass spectrometric detection (HPLC\u2010DAD\u2010ESI\u2010MS\n                    <jats:sup>n<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS). Additionally, a novel approach was developed for the semi\u2010quantification of saponins by tensiometry, which was compared with the quantification of UV\u2010active aescin derivatives by RP\u2010HPLC\u2010DAD. The HPLC\u2010DAD\u2010MS\n                    <jats:sup>n<\/jats:sup>\n                    analyses revealed different phytochemical compositions that include triterpene saponins, flavonoid glycosides, and indoleacetic acid\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glycosides. GC\u2010MS analyses mainly revealed the presence of fatty acids, monosaccharides, and lactic acid. The hydroalcoholic extract showed higher aescin contents by RP\u2010HPLC\u2010DAD compared to the aqueous fermented extract, indicating better recovery rates with this extraction procedure. These findings underline the importance of process parameters in pharmaceutical manufacturing and support the use of complementary analytical approaches for comprehensive quality evaluation of complex herbal extracts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:48:40Z","timestamp":1788202120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization of Extracts From\n                    <i>Aesculus hippocastanum<\/i>\n                    L. Seeds and Quantification of Saponins Using HPLC\u2010DAD and a Novel Tensiometric Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3214-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Nosrati Gazafroudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research WALA Heilmittel GmbH  Eckw\u00e4lden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieka","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research WALA Heilmittel GmbH  Eckw\u00e4lden Germany"},{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry University of Hohenheim  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morwen","family":"Liebscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research WALA Heilmittel GmbH  Eckw\u00e4lden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8664-0911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research WALA Heilmittel GmbH  Eckw\u00e4lden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian C.","family":"Stintzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research WALA Heilmittel GmbH  Eckw\u00e4lden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1126-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietmar R.","family":"Kammerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research WALA Heilmittel GmbH  Eckw\u00e4lden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101\u2010025\u201010194\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.116187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2215083810666230417115041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.13116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J044v11n01_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products \u201cEuropean Union Herbal Monograph onAesculus hippocastanumL. 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