{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:56:14Z","timestamp":1790546174606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microwave\u2010assisted green synthesis has become a promising and efficient sustainable method of fabrication of nanomaterials. In the current experiment, the synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) nanoparticles was done in the presence of ethanolic extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Artocarpus heterophyllus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (jackfruit) peels as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The detailed characterization was performed by UV\u2013visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, DLS, zeta potential, and SEM. The analyses of the plant extract using GC\u2013MS revealed the presence of bioactive phytochemicals, including phenolics and flavonoids, which are important in the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles. SEM analysis indicated a cauliflower\u2010type granular morphology and a mean particle size of around 97\u00a0nm, which was similar to DLS results (99\u00a0nm hydrodynamic size). XRD was used to verify that the Bi\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles were crystalline. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles produced was tested to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ibuprofen (IBU) during optimized conditions of pH, catalyst dosage, and contact time under natural sunlight. The degradation process was carried out under pseudo\u2010first\u2010order kinetics and obtained high removal efficiencies of 93% and 92% for CIP and IBU, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:38:03Z","timestamp":1788201483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microwave\u2010Assisted Green Synthesis of Bi\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Nanoparticles Using\n                    <i>Artocarpus heterophyllus<\/i>\n                    (Jack Fruit) Peel Extract for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceutical Contaminants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mahvish","family":"Shameem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University)  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6670-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University)  Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9192-7260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed F.","family":"Hawwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer M.","family":"Almarfadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan Aamer","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna Vinod","family":"Kapse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology  Greater Noida India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098\u2010024\u201003087\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w15223877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vjch.202300257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dwt.2024.100384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399\u2010022\u201002605\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2024.2411248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.130597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2022.100119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201\u2010025\u201002734\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA00711E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269\u2010022\u201000770\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2024.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3256611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201026415\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30955\/gnj.006058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270\u2010024\u201007355\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289\u2010024\u201005207\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c03837"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.02.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42834\u2010022\u201000129\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra04340d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.03.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11144\u2010009\u20100130\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/s43578\u2010023\u201000980\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.111597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ra07509a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.3c00724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010022\u201024587\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010021\u201018153\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2021.612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14195891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5c00882"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244\u2010020\u201001319\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2025.113704"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15050383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal12121663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762\u2010026\u201007189\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/min15090977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.06.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.120517"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.107646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres15040154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202403264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.124388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2025.104786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dwt.2024.100817"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71651","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.71651","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:57:42Z","timestamp":1790542662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.71651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.71651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.71651","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71651"}}