{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:56:24Z","timestamp":1790546184608,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The phenolic composition of roots and leaves of\n                    <jats:italic>Lygeum spartum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L., a Mediterranean Poaceae species, was analyzed by HPLC\u2013DAD, revealing an organ\u2010specific distribution of phenolic compounds, with ferulic acid identified as the predominant phenolic compound in the methanolic leaf extract (4.07\u00a0mg\/g) and higher levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids in leaves than in roots. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and CUPRAC assays, while enzyme inhibitory activity was assessed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase using L\u2010DOPA as the substrate. Methanolic extracts, particularly those from leaves, exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the tested extracts (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 281.48\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for DPPH; 105.72\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for ABTS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    .\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 182.36\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for CUPRAC), whereas petroleum ether extracts were largely inactive. Enzyme inhibitory activity was generally weak, with all extracts exhibiting little or no inhibition of AChE and BChE, while the methanolic leaf extract showed weak tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 310.69\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of\n                    <jats:italic>L. spartum<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. These results indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>L. spartum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a source of phenolic compounds exhibiting moderate antioxidant activity, whereas its enzyme inhibitory effects are limited.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1788426871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactive Phenolics of\n                    <i>Lygeum spartum<\/i>\n                    L.: Insights Into Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antityrosinase Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zohra","family":"Arabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences University Ibn Khaldoun  Tiaret Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Arabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Agro\u2010Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi\u2010arid Areas Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences University Ibn Khaldoun  Tiaret Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilaycan","family":"\u00c7am","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Mu\u011fla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cansel","family":"\u00c7akir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Mu\u011fla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla Turkey"},{"name":"Medical Laboratory Techniques Program Vocational School of Health Services Ankara Medipol University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Mu\u011fla Sitki Kocman University  Mugla Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdi","family":"Bendif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gharieb S.","family":"El\u2010Sayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A. 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