{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:58:03Z","timestamp":1790542683606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a medicinal plant rich in cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, has been shown to have various pharmacological activities. This study investigated the antidiabetic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    inflorescence extracts using in vitro and computational models. Dried\n                    <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    inflorescences were extracted sequentially with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol, before their metabolites were identified by GC\u2013MS. The extracts were tested for \u03b1\u2010amylase and \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibition, glucose uptake activity, and antioxidant effects using DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays. Thirty\u2010six metabolites were further docked against diabetes\u2010related proteins. Among the extracts, the hexane extract showed the strongest bioactivity with notable \u03b1\u2010amylase inhibition (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 727\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL), DPPH free radical scavenging (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 478.62\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL), and nitric oxide inhibition activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 356.51\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL). Docking analyses revealed strong binding affinities for 8\u2010hydroxy\u2010delta\u20109\u2010THC, cannabivarin, and 9\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol with DPP\u20104, PTP1B, and other target proteins. These findings highlight the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    inflorescences as a source of antidiabetic agents, warranting further in vivo and\n                    <jats:italic>clinical<\/jats:italic>\n                    validation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T18:56:06Z","timestamp":1789930566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computational and Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of GC\u2013MS Profiled\n                    <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i>\n                    Inflorescence Extracts\u2019 Metabolites on Selected Diabetes Therapeutic Targets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Chinheya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviane L. N.","family":"Ngoungoure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 1  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-5165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibeabuchi","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Enugu State University of Science and Technology  Enugu Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2987-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kolawole","family":"Olofinsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsebo","family":"Jim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Tankeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2921-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motlalepula G.","family":"Matsabisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Medicines Innovations and Technologies Development (AMIDT) Unit Department of Pharmacology University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i2.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59324\/ejmhr.2024.2(1).22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntm.2025.100070"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.51.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11935-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90036-2.00038-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Cannabis sativa L.: A Review on Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects","author":"Chaachouaya N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Traditional and Integrative Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"3990","article-title":"Cannabis sativa: Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry","volume":"5","author":"Malabadi R. 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