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Their clinical usages are basically related to their antioxidant effects; therefore, there have been accumulated a great deal of antioxidant studies in the past 40 years. The review systematically analyzes 769 available references, to find that the antioxidant capacity of CHMs overwhelmingly arises from phenolics (including polyene\u2010conjugated phenolics) rather than saponins or polysaccharides. The antioxidant mechanisms of phenolics, however, mainly include electron\u2010transfer (ET), proton\u2010transfer (PT), hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), ET\u2013PT, PT\u2013ET, and radical adduct formation (RAF). The RAF can occur at different binding sites to form different bonding types to cause various final products (including phenolic\u2010radical adducts, and phenolic\u2010phenolic dimers) and be affected by structural factors to show certain stereochemical characters. Further structure\u2013activity relationships analysis indicates that the antioxidant effect of phenolics is seemingly attributed to the existence of specific antioxidant moieties (e.g., catechol); however, the high levels of these so\u2010called \u201cspecific antioxidant moieties\u201d can be attributed to the stability of the oxidized products from their reactions with free radicals and, ultimately, to the degree of conjugation of the whole antioxidant molecule.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:18:33Z","timestamp":1789931913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antioxidant Chemistry of Phenolics in Chinese Herbal Medicines: A Holism\u2010Based Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4358-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xican","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Herbal Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao gangmu)","author":"Li S. 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