{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:56:12Z","timestamp":1790546172981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Angelica glauca<\/jats:italic>\n                    Edgew., a high\u2010altitude Himalayan medicinal plant, is an important source of bioactive essential oil rich in phthalide derivatives. The present study investigated the influence of environmental conditions and extraction parameters on essential oil yield and chemical composition, with particular emphasis on\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010ligustilide. Essential oils obtained from roots collected across different altitudes revealed marked variations in yield and phytochemical profile, with plants growing at 3500\u20133800 m producing the highest concentration of\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010ligustilide (75.2%). The optimised essential oil exhibited broad\u2010spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram\u2010negative bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Molecular docking studies further supported its therapeutic potential by demonstrating strong interactions with microbial target proteins, with binding affinities reaching approximately \u22126.9\u00a0kcal\/mol. The predicted mechanisms of antimicrobial action include membrane disruption, interference with ATP production, and inhibition of biofilm formation, indicating a multi\u2010target mode of action. Overall, these findings demonstrate that altitude\u2010driven phytochemical variation combined with optimised extraction significantly enhances the quality and biological efficacy of\n                    <jats:italic>A. glauca<\/jats:italic>\n                    root oil, highlighting its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:36:02Z","timestamp":1790141762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Profiling, Box\u2013Behnken Optimisation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Molecular Docking Study of\n                    <i>Z<\/i>\n                    \u2010Ligustilide Rich Essential Oil From Himalayan\n                    <i>Angelica glauca<\/i>\n                    Edgew."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balam Singh","family":"Bisht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Himalayan Medicinal &amp; Aromatic Plants Research Centre (HIMARC) Govt. Postgraduate College Berinag  Pithoragarh Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1404-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahesh Chandra","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Himalayan Medicinal &amp; Aromatic Plants Research Centre (HIMARC) Govt. Postgraduate College Berinag  Pithoragarh Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8066-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakash Chandra","family":"Mathpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Govt. Degree College Haldwani Sahar  Nainital Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1142-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyoti Niwas","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Himalayan Medicinal &amp; Aromatic Plants Research Centre (HIMARC) Govt. Postgraduate College Berinag  Pithoragarh Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-1196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemant Kumar","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanhi Pari Seemant Engineering Campus  Pithoragrah Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5292-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himanshu","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIES  Nainital India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra Shekhar","family":"Mathela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Kumaun University  Nainital India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002\u2010019\u20100315\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40009\u2010015\u20100395\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2018.1559106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15625\/2615\u20109023\/15634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmap.2022.100397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753\u2010012\u20109546\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hest.2025.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.177055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"12005","article-title":"Ligustilide Treatment Promotes Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury via Preventing ROS Production","volume":"8","author":"Xiao W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.04.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2023.2247017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectroscopy","author":"Adams R. P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectroscopy","author":"Adams R. P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-40181-4.00286-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (CLSI Document M100)","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.824043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2025.106565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2022.23786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2017.1336119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","volume-title":"Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry","author":"Adams R. P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3653552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac087"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71735","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.71735","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.71735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:56:43Z","timestamp":1790542603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.71735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.71735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.71735","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71735"}}