{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:56:14Z","timestamp":1790546174754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp;amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Conventional tea tree oil extraction approaches such as steam distillation are limited by excessive water and energy input, alongside the production of polysaccharide\u2010rich waste residues. This study systematically explored the application of three\u2010phase partition (TPP) method in\n                    <jats:italic>Melaleuca alternifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    for integrated extraction of tea tree oil (TTO) and polysaccharides, addressing challenges in conventional methods. Using ammonium sulfate ((NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    SO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>tert<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butanol (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butanol), the TPP process operated under mild conditions (60\u00b0C). Through Box\u2013Behnken Design optimization, TPP methods achieved 1.15% TTO and 5.57% polysaccharide yields rich in neutral pentoses. GC\u2010MS analysis identified 32 volatile compounds in TPP\u2010derived TTO, among which terpinen\u20104\u2010ol (33.19%) served as the dominant bioactive constituent and satisfied the 30%\u201348% threshold specified in GB\/T 26514\u20102011, while multiple minor terpene components fell outside the standard concentration ranges. A techno\u2010economic evaluation revealed that the integrated process incurred a total direct material and electricity cost of 176.6 RMB for extracting 11.5\u00a0g of TTO and 55.7\u00a0g of polysaccharides, with\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010butanol expenses constituting the majority (65.6%) of costs. Overall, this study is the first to establish a TPP process for simultaneous extraction of TTO and polysaccharides from\n                    <jats:italic>M. alternifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , offering a green, economically viable, and sustainable approach for industrial\u2010scale bioactive compound recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:13:00Z","timestamp":1790345580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Extraction of Tea Tree Oil and Polysaccharides From\n                    <i>Melaleuca alternifolia<\/i>\n                    Using Three\u2010Phase Partitioning: Process Optimization, Techno\u2010Economic Analysis, and Sustainability Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Huan","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Fujian Polytechnic Normal University  Fuqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Fujian Polytechnic Normal University  Fuqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quanzhou Medical College  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7359-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Fujian Polytechnic Normal University  Fuqing 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