{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:48:15Z","timestamp":1792068495421,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n In the present study, pre\u2010synthesized hematite (\u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n ) nanoparticles (NPs) were functionalized with three thiosemicarbazone ligands (TSCs), namely salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (STSC), vanillin thiosemicarbazone (VTSC), and 3\u2010acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (3\u2010APTSC), through a hydrothermal conjugation approach. The resulting \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/TSC nanoconjugates were characterized using UV\u2013visible (UV\u2010Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT\u2010IR), X\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy\u2010dispersive x\u2010ray spectroscopy (SEM\u2013EDX) analytical techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoconjugates, with average crystallite sizes of 15.27\u00a0nm, 12.47\u00a0nm, and 11.15\u00a0nm for \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/STSC, \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/VTSC, and \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/3\u2010APTSC, respectively. UV\u2013vis analysis revealed absorption maxima at 297, 324, and 229\u00a0nm, with corresponding optical band\u2010gap energies estimated at 2.66, 3.38, and 2.52\u00a0eV for the nanoconjugates. FT\u2010IR and EDX analyses confirmed successful surface functionalization of \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n NPs with the respective TSCs. The nanoconjugates exhibited concentration\u2010dependent antibacterial activity against\n Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Salmonella abony<\/jats:italic>\n , with \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/3\u2010APTSC showing the highest antibacterial efficacy. Antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH assay demonstrated 63.97%, 42.96%, and 74.47% radical\u2010scavenging activities for \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/STSC, \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/VTSC, and \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/3\u2010APTSC, respectively, whereas the same conjugates exhibited 65%, 63%, and 68% degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under visible\u2010light irradiation in 90\u00a0min. Overall, \u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \/3\u2010APTSC exhibited the most promising overall biological and photocatalytic performance. These findings demonstrate that thiosemicarbazone functionalization provides an effective strategy for enhancing the multifunctional properties of hematite NPs for potential environmental and biomedical applications.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.71822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:58:54Z","timestamp":1792065534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hematite (\u03b1\u2010Fe\n 2<\/sub>\n O\n 3<\/sub>\n ) Nanoparticles Conjugated with Thiosemicarbazones: Hydrothermal\u2010Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Photocatalytic Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ekhlakh","family":"Veg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Integral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Isabella Thoburn College Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srishti","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Integral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2518-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swati","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Integral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1272-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nashra","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Integral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5091-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seema","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Isabella Thoburn College Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6798-453X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Rahman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Integral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0467-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahmeena","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Integral University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jciso.2021.100027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2019.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2024.101654"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ntls.70005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20102649\u20107544"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2013.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Elsevier eBooks","author":"Latwal M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2022.101515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2022.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"9089","article-title":"Synergic Antibiofilm Effect of Thymol and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated With Thiosemicarbazone on Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains'', Arab","volume":"49","author":"Mokhtari H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876\u2010021\u201002124\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Bis\u2010Thiosemicarbazones: Applications in Metal Binding, Catalysis and as Single\u2010Source Precursor","author":"Anthony E. 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