{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T22:10:11Z","timestamp":1760047811899,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,14]],"date-time":"2004-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1074038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of 10% flax chow consumption from the 30th to the 130th day after birth was examined in male Fischer 344 rats. The effects of both the high lignan\/high oil Norlin strain and a high lignan\/low oil Solin strain of flaxseed were compared. Physically and behaviourally there were no differences in rats belonging to the three dietary groups at any time. At 50 and 100 days of dietary exposure, blood glucose levels were the same in Norlin and Solin flax chow\u2010fed and as well as regular chow\u2010fed rats; there were no signs of toxicity in the Norlin and Solin flax\u2010fed rats since their plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase were the same and equal to those of regular chow\u2010fed rats. The activity of \u03b3\u2010glutamyltranspeptidase (\u03b3GT) displayed an increase in the liver homogenates of flax chow\u2010fed rats. This increase was the same in Norlin and Solin flax\u2010fed rats at 50 and 100 days. Thus the liver effect was not oil, but lignan, likely secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), induced and was effected early on, and sustained, after flax exposure. The degree of heat activation of liver homogenate \u03b3GT was the same in regular chow\u2010fed and flax chow\u2010fed rats. Compared to liver homogenate \u03b3GT activity, the soluble form of \u03b3GT was expressed at very low levels while the plasma membrane\u2010bound form of \u03b3GT was expressed at very high levels in rat liver in both regular chow\u2010fed and flax chow\u2010fed rats. There was no effect of flax feeding on the soluble form of liver \u03b3GT which was expressed at a very low level. Flax feeding effected an increase in the activity of \u03b3GT in isolated plasma membrane fractions which mirrored that in liver homogenates: the same degree of increase was seen in Norlin flax chow\u2010fed and Solin flax chow\u2010fed rats. Flax consumption effects an increase in the activity of liver \u03b3GT at the level of the plasma membrane which is lignan dependent, physiologically relevant and may be linked to hepatoprotection against injury through an increase in reduced glutathione. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]],"date-time":"2004-06-21T06:01:23Z","timestamp":1087797683000},"page":"225-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The effects of dietary flaxseed on the Fischer 344 rat: II. liver \u03b3\u2010glutamyltranspeptidase activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Hemmings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Westcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alister","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Czechowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,14]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"World Medicine: Plants, Patients and People","year":"1992","author":"Bellamy DJ","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.491s","article-title":"Health\u2010promoting properties of common herbs","volume":"70","author":"Craig WJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"volume-title":"Flaxseed in Human Nutrition","year":"1995","author":"Cunnane S","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.560s"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00765-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.17.1.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Flaxseed in Human Nutrition","author":"Mazza G","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024973908194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(90)90206-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.45.070176.003015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(87)90119-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(86)80833-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365516009065404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf981359y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.290120103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"1969s","article-title":"Glutathione, ascorbate, and cellular protection","volume":"54","author":"Meister A","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470123188.ch7"}],"container-title":["Cell Biochemistry and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbf.1092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbf.1092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:46:44Z","timestamp":1760046404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbf.1092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbf.1092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbf.1092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-6484","1099-0844"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0263-6484"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0844"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,14]]}}}