{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:11:58Z","timestamp":1790885518896,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,3]],"date-time":"2007-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, N\u2010acetyl\u2010<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010cysteine (NAC) has been widely investigated as a potentially useful protective and antioxidative agent to be applied in many pathological states. The aim of the present work was further evaluation of the mechanisms of the NAC protective effect under carbon tetrachloride\u2010induced acute liver injuries in rats. The rat treatment with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (4\u2009g\/kg, intragastrically) caused pronounced hepatolysis observed as an increase in blood plasma bilirubin levels and hepatic enzyme activities, which agreed with numerous previous observations. The rat intoxication was accompanied by an enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation (1.4\u2010fold) and protein oxidative damage (protein carbonyl group and mixed protein\u2010glutathione disulphide formations) in the rat liver. The levels of nitric oxide in blood plasma and liver tissue significantly increased (5.3\u2010 and 1.5\u2010fold, respectively) as blood plasma triacylglycerols decreased (1.6\u2010fold). The NAC administration to control and intoxicated animals (three times at doses of 150\u2009mg\/kg) elevated low\u2010molecular\u2010weight thiols in the liver. The NAC administration under CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced intoxication prevented oxidative damage of liver cells, decreased membrane lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and mixed protein\u2010glutathione disulphides formation, and partially normalized plasma triacylglycerols. At the same time the NAC treatment of intoxicated animals did not produce a marked decrease of the elevated levels of blood plasma ALT and AST activities and bilirubin. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> exposure of human red blood cells to NAC increased the cellular low\u2010molecular\u2010weight thiol levels and retarded <jats:italic>tert<\/jats:italic>\u2010butylhydroperoxide\u2010induced cellular thiol depletion and membrane lipid peroxidation as well as effectively inhibited hypochlorous acid\u2010induced erythrocyte lysis. Thus, NAC can replenish non\u2010protein cellular thiols and protect membrane lipids and proteins due to its direct radical\u2010scavenging properties, but it did not attenuate hepatotoxicity in the acute rat CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2010intoxication model. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,3]],"date-time":"2007-01-03T13:09:18Z","timestamp":1167829758000},"page":"11-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Protective effects of N\u2010acetyl\u2010<scp>L<\/scp>\u2010cysteine against acute carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yu. Z.","family":"Maksimchik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Lapshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Yu.","family":"Sudnikovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. V.","family":"Zabrodskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. B.","family":"Zavodnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(89)90050-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91624-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718500400610"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"The effect of acetylcysteine on the antioxidant system in an experimental toxic lesion of the liver","volume":"54","author":"Gonskii IaI","year":"1991","journal-title":"Farmakol Toksikol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(94)90202-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"The acetylcysteine correction of disorders of the oxidative processes in a toxic liver lesion","volume":"58","author":"Gonskii IaI","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eksp Klin Farmakol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000142699.54266.D9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)25048-0","article-title":"Role of glutathione in prevention of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by N\u2010acetyl\u2010L\u2010cysteine in vivo: studies with N\u2010acetyl\u2010D\u2010cysteine in mice","volume":"238","author":"Corcoran GB","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.13.1845","article-title":"Supplementation of N\u2010acetylcysteine inhibits NFkB activation and protects against alloxan\u2010induced diabetes in CD\u20101 mice","volume":"13","author":"Ho E","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90066-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90176-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/6.12.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(96)01771-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1996.tb01370.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60985-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1971.tb00790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(82)90118-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"464","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Levine RL","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(94)00133-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90720-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Aebi H","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"7130","article-title":"Glutathione\u2010 S\u2010transferases\u2014the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig WH","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(80)90540-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2040593"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43327-8","article-title":"Oxygen and carbon\u2010centered free radical formation during carbon tetrachloride metabolism","volume":"259","author":"McCay PB","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Clinical applications of N\u2010acetylcysteine","volume":"3","author":"Kelly GS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alt Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930340","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) on CCl4\u2010induced liver damage in rats","volume":"52","author":"Ulicna O","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00206-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1987.tb01255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550100105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.29.18411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(98)00220-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760290019354"}],"container-title":["Cell Biochemistry and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbf.1382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbf.1382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:52:51Z","timestamp":1760035971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbf.1382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbf.1382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbf.1382","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-6484","1099-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-6484","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,24]]}}}