{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:07:57Z","timestamp":1781478477943,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several hydrolytic enzymes of snake venom have evolved to interfere in various physiological processes, which are well defined. However, hydrolytic enzymes such as nucleotidases (5\u2032nucleotidase, ATPase, and ADPase) are less studied and their pharmacological role in venoms is not clearly defined. Very few studies have shown the pharmacological importance of these endogenous purine release related enzymes in venoms. The near\u2010ubiquitous distribution of these enzymes in venoms, suggests a significant role for these enzymes in envenomation. It is suggested that their major function is in the generation of purines (mainly adenosine)\u2014a multitoxin. Therefore, it appears that these enzymes play a central role in liberating adenosine and through the action of adenosine help in prey immobilization. However, apart from this, these enzymes could also possess other pharmacological activities. Further research is needed to biologically characterize these enzymes in snake venoms, such that their role in venom is clearly established. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T10:49:10Z","timestamp":1266922150000},"page":"171-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["The pharmacological role of nucleotidases in snake venoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bhadrapura L.","family":"Dhananjaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cletus J. M.","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66913-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00232-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90116-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90473-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00175-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Geographic and ontogenic variability in the venom of the neotropical rattlesnake Crotalus durissus: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications","volume":"50","author":"Saravia P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Biol Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017972511272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(00)00215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2004.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605850200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90150-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3228405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Venom Phospholipase A2 Enzymes: Structure, Function and Mechanism","author":"Kini RM","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(00)01163-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66913-2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Enzymes from Snake Venoms","author":"Rael ED","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.2004.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01373-5","article-title":"Receptors for purines and pyrimidines","volume":"5","author":"Ralevic V","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470032244.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-33823-9_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(74)90013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(83)90127-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(86)90136-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67997-4","article-title":"A specific and nonspecific alkaline monophosphatase in the venom of Bothrops atrox and their occurrence in the purified venom phosphodiesterase","volume":"238","author":"Sulkowski E","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","unstructured":"MackessySP.Venoms as trophic adaptations: an ultrastructural investigation of the venom apparatus and biochemical characterization of the proteolytic enzymes of the Northern Pacific rattlesnakeCrotalus viridis oreganos.Unpublished PhD Dissertation Washington State University.1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Purification and characterization of exonuclease from rattlesnake venom","volume":"25","author":"Perron S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Colo\u2010Wyo Acad Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Studies on snake venom enzymes: Part I. Purification of ATPase, a toxic component of Naja naja venom and its inhibition by potassium gymnemate","volume":"1","author":"Kini RM","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ind J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"342","article-title":"Studies on snake venom enzymes: Part II\u2013Partial characterization of ATPases from Russell's viper (Vipera russelli) venom and their interaction with potassium gymnemate","volume":"1","author":"Kini RM","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ind J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Enzymes from Snake Venoms","author":"Mackessy SP","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006043335835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Toxins of Animal and Plant Origin","author":"Pereira Lima FA","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","first-page":"431","article-title":"Identity of phosphodiesterase and ATP pyrophosphatase from snake venom","volume":"337","author":"Pfleiderer G","year":"1963","journal-title":"Biochem Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0320597"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/TXR-120004741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Toxicon\u2010related Diseases: Poisons Originating from Plants, Animals and Spoilage","author":"Mackessy SP","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Chemical studies of Formosan cobra (Naja naja atra) venom. V. Properties of 5\u2032nucleotidase","volume":"15","author":"Chen Y","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90440-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90542-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(90)90004-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","first-page":"1338","article-title":"Effects of divalent cations on 5\u2032nucleotidase activity of Formosan cobra venom","volume":"81","author":"Lin RH","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Formosan Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(79)81253-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(02)01080-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.056515"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(00)00215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0540625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"The formation of pyrophosphate from adenosine triphosphate in the presence of snake venom","volume":"28","author":"Zeller EA","year":"1950","journal-title":"Arch Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Estudo da ATPase, ADPase, 5\u2032Nucleotidase de venenos ofidicos","volume":"16","author":"Schiripa LN","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ciencia e Culturs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Investigation of sea snake venom. III. Acid and alkaline phosphatases (phosphodiesterase, phosphomonoesterase, 5\u2032\u2010nucleotidase and ATPase) in sea snake (Laticauda semifasciata) venom","volume":"10","author":"Setoguchi Y","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Med Univ Kagoshima"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00125-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Hemorrhagic toxins from rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom. Pathogenesis of hemorrhage induced by three purified toxins","volume":"93","author":"Ownby CL","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(86)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020437"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","first-page":"198","article-title":"Evidence that the adenosine receptor mediating relaxation in dog lateral saphenous vein and guinea\u2010pig aorta is of the A2B subtype","volume":"102","author":"Hargreaves MB","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199807000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85277-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13270-7","article-title":"A selective adenosine antagonist (8\u2010cyclopentyl\u20101,3\u2010dipropylxanthine) eliminates both neuromuscular depression and the action of exogenous adenosine by an effect on A1 receptors","volume":"44","author":"Redman RS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.3.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)32898-3","article-title":"Sedative and anticonvulsant effects of adenosine analogs in mouse and rat","volume":"220","author":"Dunwiddie TV","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90591-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-09-02684.1986","article-title":"Retardation of associative learning in the rabbit by an adenosine analog as measured by classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response","volume":"6","author":"Winsky L","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(89)90367-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20519-5","article-title":"Behavioral effects of A1\u2010 and A2\u2010selective adenosine agonists and antagonists: evidence for synergism and antagonism","volume":"259","author":"Nikodijevic O","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01110-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01605-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8253"}],"container-title":["Cell Biochemistry and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbf.1637","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbf.1637","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:47:19Z","timestamp":1760035639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbf.1637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbf.1637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbf.1637","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-6484","1099-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-6484","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]}}}