{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:42:50Z","timestamp":1760888570417,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]],"date-time":"2011-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnesium (Mg) deficiency induces the production of free radicals, increases cytosolic ionized calcium concentration, and modulates the function of skeletal muscle in rats. The present study examined the effects of Mg deficiency on the gene expression of molecules related to myogenesis in the gastrocnemius muscle as well as in C2C12 myogenic cells. Ingestion of an Mg\u2010deficient diet resulted in a lower weight of the gastrocnemius muscle and higher concentration of muscular TBARSs, an index of oxidative stress. Mg deficiency also enhanced the expression of <jats:italic>Myod<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>myogenin<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> effects of Mg deficiency on myogenic gene expression were partially reproduced in <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> C2C12 cells; expression of <jats:italic>Myod<\/jats:italic> was up\u2010regulated by a mixed culture of myoblasts and myotubes with Mg\u2010deficient medium, which related to the simultaneous up\u2010regulation of <jats:italic>Myhc IIb<\/jats:italic>, a myotube\u2010specific protein. The culture with Mg\u2010deficient medium did not increase the gene transcript level of <jats:italic>HO\u20101<\/jats:italic>, another marker of oxidative stress, suggesting that Mg deficiency\u2010induced <jats:italic>Myod<\/jats:italic> expression does not result from oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide did not increase <jats:italic>Myod<\/jats:italic> expression, whereas the expression of <jats:italic>Myod<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>myogenin<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Myhc IIb<\/jats:italic> was decreased by oxidative stress from the initial phase of differentiation. The effects of Mg deficiency depended on the stages of myogenesis; myoblast culture in Mg\u2010deficient differentiation medium did not affect the expression of <jats:italic>Myod<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Myhc IIb<\/jats:italic>. The present study revealed stage\u2010dependent effects of Mg deficiency on myogenesis. 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