{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:31:00Z","timestamp":1771475460132,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle ring finger (MuRF) proteins have been implicated in the transmission of mechanical forces to nuclear cell signaling pathways through their association with the sarcomere. We recently reported that MuRF1, but not MuRF2, regulates pathologic cardiac hypertrophy <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. This was surprising given that MuRF1 and MuRF2 interact with each other and many of the same sarcomeric proteins experimentally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice missing all four MuRF1 and MuRF2 alleles [MuRF1\/MuRF2 double null (DN)] were born with a massive spontaneous hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure; mice that were null for one of the genes but heterozygous for the other (i.e. MuRF1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/\/MuRF2<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> or MuRF1<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/\/MuRF2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) were phenotypically identical to wild\u2010type mice. Microarray analysis of genes differentially\u2010expressed between MuRF1\/MuRF2 DN, mice missing three of the four alleles and wild\u2010type mice revealed a significant enrichment of genes regulated by the E2F transcription factor family. More than 85% of the differentially\u2010expressed genes had E2F promoter regions (E2f:DP; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Western analysis of E2F revealed no differences between MuRF1\/MuRF2 DN hearts and wild\u2010type hearts; however, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that MuRF1\/MuRF2 DN hearts had significantly less binding of E2F1 in the promoter regions of genes previously defined to be regulated by E2F1 (p21, Brip1 and PDK4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These studies suggest that MuRF1 and MuRF2 play a redundant role in regulating developmental physiologic hypertrophy, by regulating E2F transcription factors essential for normal cardiac development by supporting E2F localization to the nucleus, but not through a process that degrades the transcription factor. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.2969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T05:53:40Z","timestamp":1363758820000},"page":"39-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Muscle ring finger 1 and muscle ring finger 2 are necessary but functionally redundant during developmental cardiac growth and regulate E2F1\u2010mediated gene expression <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Monte S.","family":"Willis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine M.","family":"Wadosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Schisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Lockyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor G.","family":"Hilliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McAllister Heart Institute University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc.  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