{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:35:33Z","timestamp":1773808533221,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]],"date-time":"2013-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of artemisinin on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary rat VSMCs were treated with various doses of artemisinin. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the messenger RNA and protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were determined by reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was measured using annexin V and propidium iodide double staining evaluated by flow cytometry. Protein expression of Bax, Bcl2, and cyclin\u2010dependent kinase 4 was determined by Western blot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 72\u2009h of treatment, artemisinin significantly inhibited VSMC proliferation in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Treatment with 1\u2009mM artemisinin for 72\u2009h significantly reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen messenger RNA. On the other hand, the same treatment increased the apoptosis of VSMCs, the activation of caspase\u20103, the Bax protein expression, and the Bax\/Bcl2 ratio.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that artemisinin can effectively inhibit VSMC proliferation and induce VSMC apoptosis. 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