{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:35:30Z","timestamp":1792658130789,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Preservation of human blood cells for DNA damage analysis with the comet assay conventionally involves the isolation of mononuclear cells by centrifugation, suspension in freezing medium and slow freezing to \u221280\u2009\u00b0C\u2014a laborious process. A recent publication (Al\u2010Salmani <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. Free Rad Biol Med 2011; 51: 719\u2013725) describes a simple method in which small volumes of whole blood are frozen to \u221220 or \u221280\u2009\u00b0C; on subsequent thawing, the comet assay is performed, with no indication of elevated DNA strand breakage resulting from the rapid freezing. However, leucocytes in whole blood (whether fresh or frozen) are abnormally resistant to damage by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and so a common test of antioxidant status (resistance to strand breakage by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) cannot be used. We have refined this method by separating the leucocytes from the thawed blood; we find that, after three washes, the cells respond normally to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. In addition, we have measured specific endogenous base damage (oxidized purines) in the isolated leucocytes, using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase. In a study of blood samples from 10 subjects, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensitivity and endogenous damage\u2014both reflecting the antioxidant status of the cells\u2014correlated significantly. This modified approach to sample collection and storage is particularly applicable when the available volume of blood is limited and has great potential in biomonitoring and ecogenotoxicology studies where samples are obtained in the field or at sites remote from the testing laboratory. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T06:39:25Z","timestamp":1385447965000},"page":"299-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Leucocytes isolated from simply frozen whole blood can be used in human biomonitoring for DNA damage measurement with the comet assay"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maryam B.","family":"Akor\u2010Dewu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Ahmadu Bello University  Zaria Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naouale","family":"El Yamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Bilyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"R.E.Kravetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology National Academy of Sciences  Kiev Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Holtung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torunn E.","family":"Tjelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rune","family":"Blomhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MB:26:3:249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(94)00043-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/24.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)30:2<139::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-I"}],"container-title":["Cell Biochemistry and Function"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbf.3016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbf.3016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T22:13:35Z","timestamp":1760048015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbf.3016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbf.3016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbf.3016","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-6484","1099-0844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-6484","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]}}}