{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:41:27Z","timestamp":1776091287539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE; active compound in propolis), and pollen on biochemical oxidative stress biomarkers in rat kidney tissue inhibited by N<jats:sup>\u03c9<\/jats:sup>\u2010nitro\u2010L\u2010arginine methyl ester (L\u2010NAME). The biomarkers evaluated were paraoxonase (PON1), oxidative stress index (OSI), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB). TAS levels and PON1 activity were significantly decreased in kidney tissue samples in the L\u2010NAME\u2010treated group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The levels of TAS and PONI were higher in the L\u2010NAME plus propolis, CAPE, and pollen groups compared with the L\u2010NAME\u2010treated group. TOS, ADMA, and NF\u2010\u03baB levels were significantly increased in the kidney tissue samples of the L\u2010NAME\u2010treated group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). However, these parameters were significantly lower in the L\u2010NAME plus propolis, CAPE, and pollen groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) compared with rats administered L\u2010NAME alone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Furthermore, the binding energy of CAPE within catalytic domain of glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme as well as its inhibitory mechanism was determined using molecular modeling approaches. In conclusion, experimental and theoretical data suggested that oxidative alterations occurring in the kidney tissue of chronic hypertensive rats may be prevented via active compound of propolis, CAPE administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T03:28:44Z","timestamp":1503372524000},"page":"304-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and pollen on renal injury in hypertensive rat: An experimental and theoretical approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin Ekhteiari","family":"Salmas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine Bahcesehir University  Istanbul 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