{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T23:21:49Z","timestamp":1767136909192,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of Tormentic acid (TA) on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSC\u2010T6 cells were stimulated with Platelet\u2010derived growth factor\u2010BB (PDGF\u2010BB) and TA, and then cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory factor, and collagen\u2010related indicators were detected. In order to elucidate the potential mechanism, the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathways were also detected. The results showed that TA treatment markedly inhibited PDGF\u2010BB\u2010stimulated HSC\u2010T6 cell activation, as evidenced by the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and colony formation, as well as the decreased expression of TGF\u2010\u03b2 and \u03b1\u2010SMA. TA treatment caused a significant increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and significantly promoted cell apoptosis. TA treatment significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin activity. Importantly, TA inhibited the expression of collagen type I and III, alleviating the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Further experiments showed that TA administration significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, FAK and mTOR and the protein expression of P70S6K, indicating the inhibition of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. Moreover, treatment with TA markedly decreased the phosphorylation of I\u03baB\u03b1, NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and IKK\u03b1\/\u03b2, thereby blocking the NF\u2010\u03baB signal transduction. In summary, this study demonstrates that TA significantly inhibits HSC activation and promotes cell apoptosis via the inhibition of the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance of the study<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tormentic acid (TA) could inhibit HSC activation and alleviate collagen\u2010based ECM deposition, suggesting that TA exerted anti\u2010hepatic fibrosis. Further mechanism research revealed that the inhibition of TA on HSC activation might be through blocking the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR and NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathways. These findings provided a new cue to understand the protective effect of TA against liver fibrosis, which may provide a potential nature medicine for the treatment of liver fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T20:15:10Z","timestamp":1592770510000},"page":"77-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Retracted:<\/i>\n                    Tormentic acid inhibits hepatic stellate cells activation via blocking\n                    <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\n                    \/Akt\/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>NF\u2010\u03baB<\/scp>\n                    signalling 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