{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:29:59Z","timestamp":1788496199418,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischaemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) injury can lead to severe arrhythmia and aggravate myocardial damage. Exosomes are small\u2010membrane vesicles that play a protective role in myocardial I\/R injury. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC)\u2010induced serum exosomes (IPC\u2010Exo) on myocardial I\/R injury in rats and its underlying mechanism. Serum exosomes were extracted from IPC rats and quantified using a bicinchoninic acid assay kit. IPC\u2010Exo (50\u2009\u03bcg) was injected into the infarcted myocardium immediately after ligation. Rats were randomly divided into Sham, I\/R, IPC\u2010Exo\u2009+\u2009I\/R, I\/R\u2009+\u2009LY294002, and I\/R\u2009+\u2009IPC\u2010Exo\u2009+\u2009LY294002 groups. Haemodynamic parameters were measured by physiological recording. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function. The serum levels of creatine kinase isomer\u2010MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha, interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u201010 were detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the myocardial infarct size. Apoptosis in myocardial tissues was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of PI3K\/AKT and apoptosis\u2010related proteins. Our results showed that treatment with IPC\u2010Exo ameliorated cardiac function and reduced inflammatory factor production, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and myocardial infarct size. Moreover, IPC\u2010Exo treatment promoted the protein expression of Bcl\u20102, p\u2010PI3K, and p\u2010AKT but inhibited that of caspase\u20103 and Bax. However, treatment with LY294002 significantly reversed that IPC\u2010Exo\u2010induced increase in p\u2010PI3K and p\u2010AKT levels, improvement of haemodynamics, and decrease of inflammatory factor production and apoptosis in the I\/R\u2009+\u2009IPC\u2010Exo group. Taken together, our results suggest that IPC\u2010Exo may alleviate I\/R injury via activating the PI3K\/AKT signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T16:46:54Z","timestamp":1596818814000},"page":"287-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Ischaemic preconditioning\u2010induced serum exosomes protect against myocardial ischaemia\/reperfusion injury in rats by activating the <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\/<scp>AKT<\/scp> signalling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Shandong Police Officer General Hospital  Jinan City 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