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This study is devoted to isolate nanobacteria from patients with active urolithiasis and investigate the in vitro and in vivo antinanobacterial activity of some antibiotics alone or in combination with extracts of irradiated herbs from certain medicinal plants. Nanobacteria were detected using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy,\u00a0protein electrophoresis (SDS\u2010PAGE) and DNA profile. The antimicrobial susceptibility of some biofilm\u2010producing nanobacterial isolates was evaluated. The effect of medicinal plant extracts on growth was tested. A combination treatment between the most potent extracts and antibiotics was tested on biofilm production, protein profile, release of 260\u2009nm absorbing material, protein content, and ultrastructure of the strongest biofilm producers. In vivo study of nanobacteria and its treatment by the most potent agents was evaluated on male rats. Renal function was measured in serum; histological examination and oxidative stress parameters were determined in kidney tissues. Results showed that streptomycin, trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and water extracts of irradiated khella at 6\u2009kGy had antinanobacterial activity. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of the aqueous extract of irradiated Khella and doxycycline showed higher inhibition activity on microbial growth and biofilm production. They affected dramatically the strength of its cell membrane and subsequently its ultrastructure. Moreover, these results are confirmed by ameliorations in renal function and histological alterations. It could be concluded that the combination of DO and an aqueous extract of irradiated khella has an antinephrotoxic effect against nanobacteria\u2010induced renal toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:04:27Z","timestamp":1696521867000},"page":"1275-1294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic effect of doxycycline and aqueous extract of irradiated khella on structure of nanobacteria isolated from kidney stones: In vitro and in vivo studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nora","family":"Fayez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Khaled","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Ain shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala Abdullah","family":"Farrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2908-6488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa Abd El Hameed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seham Yousef El","family":"Tablawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"A Short Course in Medical Terminology","year":"2013","author":"Collins CE","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"3227","article-title":"Role of nanobacteria in the pathogenesis of kidney stone formation","volume":"8","author":"Hong X","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-007-0131-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Nephroprotective effects of some essential oils against anobacteria\u2010induced infection in mice","volume":"8","author":"Abo\u2010EL\u2010Sooud K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Sci Nano Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Medicinal Plants","author":"Joy PP","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2021.953.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822007000100032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"JohnJB LonnieDR.Electron Microscopy Principles and Techniques for Biologists. 1999.\u200f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.37.1.318-326.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-017-9571-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.6.996-1006.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02466-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Study of biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the bacterial isolates from invasive devices","volume":"31","author":"Vasanthi R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.9.2037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2077-2086.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods","author":"Koburger JA","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Microorganisms in Foods. 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