{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:10:22Z","timestamp":1789096222147,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological disorder aroused due to hormonal disturbances. It is characterized by anovulation due to an excess of androgen and estrogen hormones, thus leading to the formation of multiple cysts, imposing life\u2010threatening conditions. This manuscript aimed to introduce a natural estrogen receptor (ESR) inhibitors that can provide protection against PCOS. The computational analysis of <jats:italic>Linum usitatissimum<\/jats:italic> seeds \u00a0compounds against ESR alpha receptor was performed, and the binding affinities of the ligand compounds and receptor proteins were scrutinized. Nine lignin compounds were docked, and the results were compared with that of reference estrogen receptor inhibitors, clomiphene, and tamoxifen. The binding affinity scores for pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and matairesinol were \u221210.67, \u221210.66, \u221210.91, and \u221210.60\u2009kcal\u2009mol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. These were comparable to the binding affinity score of reference compounds \u221211.406\u2009kcal\u2009mol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for clomiphene and \u221210.666\u2009kcal\u2009mol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for tamoxifen. Prime MM\u2010GBSA studies showcased that <jats:italic>Linum usitatissimum<\/jats:italic> seeds compounds exhibit significant efficacy and efficiency towards receptor protein. Moreover, MD\u2010simulation studies were performed and the results depict that the lignin compounds form stable complexes at 300\u2009K throughout the simulation time. For further clarity, in\u2010vitro experiments were carried out. The results exhibit the decline in cell proliferation in a concentration\u2010dependent manner by extract 1 (ethyl acetate) EX1 and extract 2 (petroleum ether) EX2. Hence, providing evidence regarding the anti\u2010estrogenic activity of the sample extracts. Collectively, these results showed that flax seed can reduce the levels of estrogen, which can induce ovulation and prevent cyst formation, and ultimately can provide protection against PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T11:16:25Z","timestamp":1702034185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The efficacy of <i>Linum usitatissimum<\/i> seeds to inhibit estrogen receptor as a natural therapy for PCOS: An in silico and in vitro analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy University of the Punjab Lahore 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