{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T22:42:52Z","timestamp":1778366572114,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>50% of cases of infertility are caused by male factor, which acquired or congenital problems may bring on. Male infertility can be caused by oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, which are common. Since the same mutations that cause azoospermia in some people also cause oligozoospermia in others, oligozoospermia may be thought of as a less severe form of azoospermia. Studies have demonstrated telomere length, catalase activity, super oxide dismutase (SOD), and DNA fragmentation can be influential factors for male infertility. The amount of apoptosis, oxidative stress factors, telomere length, and DNA fragmentation were some aspects of healthy sperm that we chose to look into in this study and compare to oligospermia individuals. Oligospermia patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) and fertile men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927) semen samples were collected, and the apoptosis rate of sperms in both groups was analyzed (Flow cytometry). Also, gene expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic markers and telomere length were examined (real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction). The sperm DNA fragmentation kit was used to determine DNA fragmentation and to evaluate catalase and SOD activity; the specific kits and methods were utilized. Higher expression levels of caspase3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0042), caspase8 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0145), caspase9 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0275), and BAX (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0202) mRNA were observed in patients who had oligospermia. In contrast, lower mRNA expression of BCL\u20102 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0009) was detected in this group. In addition, telomere length was decreased in the oligospermia group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) compared to the health group. Moreover, the frequency of apoptosis is induced in patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0026). The catalase activity is low (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0008), but the SOD activity is high (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0015) in the patient group. As a result of our findings, we may list the sperm cell apoptosis rate, telomere length, the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation, and lastly, the measurement of significant and efficient oxidative stress markers like SOD and catalase in semen plasma among the principal diagnostic characteristics for oligospermia. Future studies will be better able to treat oligospermia by showing whether these indicators are rising or falling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T11:10:58Z","timestamp":1706353858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of telomere length, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis in spermatozoa of patients with oligospermia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7820-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ria","family":"Margiana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia"},{"name":"Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia"},{"name":"Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 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Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0926-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser Fakri","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Mosul Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uttaranchal Institute of Technology Uttaranchal University Dehradun India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiscul","family":"Thaibt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Technical College Al\u2010Farahidi University Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Alkhayyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy The Islamic University Najaf Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Jaber","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Center Al\u2010Ayen University Nasiriyah Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01674-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.178629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-018-0294-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pjr.2021.105590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"RammahAMA Abul\u2010ElaIMI HassanEA.Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome using ejaculated versus testicular sperm in case of repetitive ICSI failure due to male 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