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Unfortunately, the 5\u2010year survival rate for patients has not exceeded 50%. Studies have shown that sex\u2010determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) correlates with malignancy and tumor stemness in a variety of tumors. To investigate the role of SOX9 in TSCC stemness, we analyzed its influence on various aspects of tumor biology, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, sphere and clone formation, and drug resistance in TSCC. Our data suggest a close association between SOX9 expression and both the stemness phenotype and drug resistance in TSCC. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed a progressive increase of SOX9 expression in normal oral mucosa, paracancerous tissues, and tongue squamous carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the expression of SOX9 was closely linked to the TNM stage, but not to lymph node metastasis or tumor diameter. SOX9 is a crucial gene in TSCC responsible for promoting the stemness function of cancer stem cells. Developing drugs that target SOX9 is extremely important in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.4000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T01:19:46Z","timestamp":1712107186000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>SOX9<\/i> promotes stemness in the CAL27 cell line of tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nanning","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences 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