{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:13:55Z","timestamp":1764080035239,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sperm\u2010associated antigen 11a (<jats:italic>Spag11a<\/jats:italic>) gene is exclusively expressed in the caput epididymis. Our previous studies demonstrated that small interfering RNA (siRNA)\u2010mediated\u00a0ablation of this gene resulted in increased proliferation of epididymal epithelial cells. Further, active immunization\u2010mediated ablation of SPAG11A protein increased the susceptibility of male reproductive tract tissues to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)\u2010induced tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that the caput epididymis of <jats:italic>Spag11a<\/jats:italic> knockout mice displayed hyperplasia and inflammation, while the caput epididymis of wild\u2010type mice exhibited normal anatomical structure. Global transcriptome analyses in the caput epididymis of knockout mice indicated differential expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that the absence of <jats:italic>Spag11a<\/jats:italic> may activate microRNAs associated with cancer, chemical carcinogenesis\u2010receptor activation, and chemical carcinogenesis\u2010DNA adducts pathways; which may contribute to the promotion of tumorigenesis in the epididymis. The susceptibility of caput epididymis to chemically induced carcinogenesis in <jats:italic>Spag11a<\/jats:italic> knockout mice was analyzed. Histological analyses indicated that while the epididymis of wild\u2010type mice did not show any signs of tumorigenesis, knockout mice displayed hyperplasia, anaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia, and inflammation in the caput epididymis. Our results provide concrete evidence that deletion of <jats:italic>Spag11a<\/jats:italic> induces histopathological and molecular changes that contribute to tumorigenesis. It is possible that the expression of <jats:italic>Spag11a<\/jats:italic> gene could be one of the reasons for the rarity of epididymal cancers. The involvement of an epididymal gene in tumorigenesis is being demonstrated for the first time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.4096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:50:24Z","timestamp":1721263824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of <i>Spag11a<\/i> gene knockout on the epididymis in mice: A histopathological and molecular analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jamil","family":"Aisha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology University of Hyderabad  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumari","family":"Sangeeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology University of Hyderabad  Hyderabad 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