{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:19:36Z","timestamp":1790957976200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concerns about inflammation\u2010related issues affecting female reproductive health are growing. Chronic low\u2010grade inflammation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects follicular growth, ovulation, and androgen production. The present investigation aimed to elucidate the efficacy of flavonoid patuletin in ameliorating the letrozole\u2013induced PCOS and associated inflammation in rats. Female Wistar rats (32 days old) were divided into five groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912): Group I, control; Group II, vehicle control; Group III, letrozole oral (1\u2009mg\/kg) for 28 days; Group IV and Group V treatment groups, patuletin i.p. (25\u2009mg\/kg) and clomiphene citrate\u2009+\u2009metformin i.p. (50\u2009mg\/kg\u2009+\u2009300\u2009mg\/kg), respectively. Leterozole\u2013induced PCOS and ovarian inflammation were ameliorated by patuletin, as reflected in the improved histopathology, prevention of cyst formation, significant upregulation of growth factors such as growth differentiation factor 9 (<jats:italic>GDF\u20109<\/jats:italic>) and bone morphogenetic protein\u201015 (<jats:italic>BMP\u201015<\/jats:italic>) expression, and a decrease in the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines <jats:italic>TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>COX\u20102<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, the plasma levels of reproductive hormones were restored. Upregulation of <jats:italic>FSH\u2010R, PR<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>CYP19a1<\/jats:italic>, along with downregulation of <jats:italic>ER\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>LHR<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CYP17a1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CYP11a1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HSD\u03b217a1<\/jats:italic>, showed the regulation of gonadotropin receptors and steroid biosynthesis genes in ovarian tissues. Patuletin demonstrated a promising protective approach against the biological model of PCOS by increasing the inflammation in ovarian tissues with consequent regulation of growth factors, enzymes, and hormones, and might be used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of problems related to female reproductive health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.4123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:14:45Z","timestamp":1726704885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patuletin Ameliorates Inflammation and Letrozole\u2013Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6579-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Farah","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6874-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samina","family":"Noorali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Henry N. 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