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Recent developments in nanotechnology have led to the innovation of synthetic and natural\u2010based nanoparticles (NPs) that deliver therapeutic agents to PCOS. The synthetic NPs, including Ag\u2010NPs, selenium\u2010NPs, Cu\u2010NPs\/Fe3O4\u2010NPs, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs, and chitosan\u2010NPs, as well as natural NPs such as nanocurcumin and exosomes, are used to combat PCOS. Exosomes are cell\u2010derived NPs that regulate cell\u2010to\u2010cell communication. Exosomes from stem cells showed promising results regarding the treatment of PCOS. It seems that the application of NPs in PCOS is not widely understood. Although the Nano\u2010based drug delivery system showed beneficial effects against PCOS, this approach faces some challenges. Further innovation and investigations in clinical and preclinical platforms are needed for clinical translation. This paper is an overview of the application of synthetic and natural NPs in treating PCOS. In addition, the present paper aims to describe exosome\u2010based therapy in PCOS while shedding light on the perspective of nano\u2010based drug delivery systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:54:52Z","timestamp":1756821292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nanoparticles for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Therapy: Exosomes and Synthetic Nanoparticles, Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9737-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razieh Momen","family":"Mesgin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Urmia University Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Nejati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Urmia University Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam Pirnezhad","family":"Talatapeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Urmia University Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynab","family":"Imani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Urmia University Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8175-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jafar","family":"Rezaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.104014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.104014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14440\/jbm.2024.0065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S302161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles With Cress Extract on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"13","author":"Husseini H. 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