{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:10:46Z","timestamp":1774609846805,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy complication that adversely affects fetal development. Emerging evidence implicates inflammation and oxidative stress in its pathogenesis, highlighting the need for in\u2010depth mechanistic insights. Aged garlic extract (AGE) and its active compound, S\u2010allyl\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010cysteine (SAC), possess anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties in type I and II diabetes; however, their therapeutic potential in GDM remains unknown. This study developed a rat model of GDM (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940) by administering a high\u2010fat diet before and during pregnancy, inducing GDM with Nicotinamide, and inducing chronic stress. Glycemic parameters, insulin signaling genes (IRS\u20102, AKT\u20101, and PCK\u20101), glucose transporters (GLUT\u20102 and GLUT\u20104), proinflammatory cytokines, and antioxidants were assessed on gestational day 5. GDM\u2010induced rats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096 in each group) received different treatments, including SAC, insulin, and their combination. On day 15, significant therapeutic benefits were observed in the SAC\u2009+\u2009insulin group. The model effectively mimics human GDM by demonstrating insulin resistance and dysregulated signaling pathways. SAC treatment reduced inflammation and oxidative stress and restored insulin signaling. GDM involves inflammatory cascades and insulin signaling dysregulation, whereas SAC, particularly in combination with insulin, shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for GDM. These findings provide valuable insights for future research and the development of novel GDM treatment strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:27:17Z","timestamp":1773005237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of S\u2010Allyl\u2010L\u2010Cysteine an Active Constituent of Aged Garlic Extract in Rat Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrical Handan Central Hospital Handan Hebei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Huai'an Hospital of Huai'an City (Huai'an Clinical Medical College of Jiangsu University) Huai'an Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Zhangzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0750-6749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Yichun People's Hospital Yichun Jiangxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112183"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-00980-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V.NikhraExploring Complexities of T2DM: Insulin Signaling Resistance and Deficiency Metabolic Links Sexual Dimorphism and Endocrine Disruptors.2018.","DOI":"10.31031\/RMES.2018.05.000603"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101812"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.611929"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14080806"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-015-0313-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020295"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202101004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-020-00074-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273703"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9704607"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/754132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v26i5.10"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"An Improvement of the 2\u02c6(\u2010Delta Delta CT) Method for Quantitative Real\u2010Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Data Analysis","volume":"3","author":"Rao X.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172522"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020376"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa408"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.13-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.10.001"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"523","article-title":"Antidiabetic Effects of S\u2010Allyl Cysteine Sulphoxide Isolated From Garlic Allium sativum Linn","volume":"30","author":"Sheela C. 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