{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:58:59Z","timestamp":1785218339931,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nuptial pads represent a key sexually dimorphic trait in anurans, with male\n                    <jats:italic>Rana chensinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibiting these structures on the Finger I of forelimbs. However, the specialized mechanisms underlying their functional adaptation remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the structural and molecular features of these nuptial pads by using Finger \u2162 as a control. Histological staining and transcriptome analysis were conducted to compare glandular morphology, collagen fiber characteristics, and gene expression profiles between the two fingers. Results revealed significantly larger specialized mucous glands (SMGs) and thicker collagen fibers in the nuptial pads, along with downregulation of KRT\u2010related genes and catalase (CAT), and upregulation of genes associated with small heat\u2010shock proteins (sHSPs), melanogenesis, and motor proteins. These findings suggest that nuptial pads achieve functional adaptation through synergistic structural (mechanical support via enlarged glands and thickened fibers) and molecular (metabolic regulation and secretory optimization) mechanisms. Such adaptations align with the demands of successful amplexus and ovulation stimulation, associated with collectively ensuring reproductive success in anurans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:39:46Z","timestamp":1784615986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural\u2013Molecular Linkage Shapes the Adaptive Traits of Nuptial Pads in Male\n                    <i>Rana chensinensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an People's Republic of China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.15.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14111550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly048"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"4139","article-title":"Frog Nuptial Pads Secrete Mating Season\u2010Specific Proteins Related to Salamander Pheromones","volume":"216","author":"Willaert B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-016-0174-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17611"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052190206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2021.3206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19971215)279:6<587::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19980101)280:1<28::AID-JEZ4>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-002-1161-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13531-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-11176-3"},{"issue":"147","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","article-title":"Reproductive Techniques for Ovarian Monitoring and Control in Amphibians","author":"Calatayud N. 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