{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:20:30Z","timestamp":1787808030853,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females internationally. Doxorubicin (DOX) has been well\u2010thought\u2010out as the most effective regimen for breast cancer treatment for several years. The chronic side effects of DOX obligate us to control the dosage that can be used, although its efficacy. Radiotherapy is a vigorous regimen in breast cancer treatment, but correlated side effects are determining factors for a successful recovery. Combined metronomic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, at low doses, can reduce the side effects of single\u2010modality treatments. We have studied the dose 1.8\u2009mg\/kg twice per week for 8\u2009weeks of DOX singly or with 0.5\u2009Gy fractionated doses of gamma radiation on inducing cell death, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, and also P53, B\u2010cell lymphoma\u20102 (Bcl\u20102), Bcl\u20102\u2010associated X (Bax), and caspase\u20103 gene expression in an animal breast cancer model. Treatment with DOX resulted in upregulation of apoptosis and downregulation of cell division at an accumulated dose of 0.5\u2009Gy, as well as downregulation of Bcl\u20102 gene expression and upregulation of p53, Bax, and caspase\u20103 gene expression in animals bearing breast cancer. In addition, DOX in combination with radiation decreased the tumor size. A metronomic dose of DOX, when used with a low dose of gamma radiation, with the least side effects, could be a successful treatment for breast cancer in clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:00:44Z","timestamp":1786608044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of Metronomic Doxorubicin and Low Dose of Gamma Radiation on Breast Cancer Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim Y.","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7346-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa","family":"Saif\u2010Elnasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab R.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8375-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania A.","family":"Abd El Azeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4079-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology Nile Valley University Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3967-2018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa A.","family":"Askar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.4147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27581"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Triple\u2010Negative Breast Cancer: Treatment Challenges and Solutions","volume":"8","author":"Collignon J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer (Dove Medical Press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.2.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-019-0080-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788803312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6093249"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2020.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2022.2142983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102259"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2026.102661"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/112_2020_30","article-title":"Solute Carrier Transportome in Chemotherapy\u2010Induced Adverse Drug Reactions","volume":"183","author":"Anderson J. 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