{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T07:58:14Z","timestamp":1790582294128,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biochemistry &amp;amp; Function"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, with 2.3 million new cases and approximately 670,000 deaths reported in 2022 alone. Despite advances in therapy, metastasis and acquired drug resistance remain major clinical challenges. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in breast cancer biology: physiological levels sustain normal cellular signaling, moderately elevated levels promote tumorigenesis through DNA damage, proto\u2010oncogene activation, and tumor suppressor inactivation, while excessive accumulation can trigger cancer cell death. This review examines how redox dysregulation contributes to breast cancer initiation and progression through key signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase\/protein kinase B (PI3K\/AKT), mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Kelch\u2010like ECH\u2010associated protein 1\u2013nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Keap1\u2010Nrf2), as well as apoptotic cascades. We evaluate the evidence for dietary and synthetic antioxidants\u2014melatonin, curcumin, vitamins C and E, and carotenoids\u2014as chemopreventive and adjuvant agents, highlighting both their therapeutic promise and the conflicting data on their safety during cancer treatment. We further discuss emerging ROS\u2010responsive nanoagents for targeted drug delivery and immunotherapy, and strategies to exploit redox vulnerabilities in multidrug\u2010resistant breast cancer cells, including induction of ferroptosis, an iron\u2010dependent cell death pathway driven by lipid peroxide accumulation that has emerged as a promising vulnerability in therapy\u2010resistant and mesenchymal\u2010phenotype tumors. Recent advances in machine learning and multi\u2010omics integration, which have begun to identify redox\u2010related gene signatures with prognostic and immunotherapy\u2010predictive value, further point toward precision redox oncology as an emerging clinically actionable framework. By integrating molecular mechanisms with translational advances, this review identifies current gaps and future directions for ROS\u2010targeted therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:02:34Z","timestamp":1788519754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reactive Oxygen Species in Breast Cancer: From Redox Dysregulation to ROS\u2010Responsive Therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2710-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Nikolovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslav","family":"Stojchevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health New York New York USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Hempstead New York USA"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4803-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Eftimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Ss. 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Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimiter","family":"Avtanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health New York New York USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Hempstead New York USA"},{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Hadzi\u2010Petrushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology Ss. 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