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Understanding the physiology leading to insulin release is a crucial step toward the identification of new targets. In this study, we evaluated the presence of insulinotropic metabolites in <jats:italic>Naja kaouthia<\/jats:italic> snake venom. Only one fraction, identified as cardiotoxin\u2010I (CTX\u2010I) was able to induce insulin secretion from INS\u20101E cells without affecting cell viability and integrity, as assessed by MTT and LDH assays. Interestingly, CTX\u2010I was also able to stimulate insulin secretion from INS\u20101E cells even in the absence of glucose. Although cardiotoxins have been characterized as potent hemolytic agents and vasoconstrictors, CTX\u2010I was unable to induce direct hemolysis of human erythrocytes or to induce potent vasoconstriction. As such, this newly identified insulin\u2010releasing toxin will surely enrich the pool of existing tools to study \u03b2\u2010cell physiology or even open a new therapeutic avenue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201200081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T03:09:11Z","timestamp":1342667351000},"page":"1805-1812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cardiotoxin\u2010I: An Unexpectedly Potent Insulinotropic Agent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thi Tuyet Nhung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Folch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"L\u00e9tourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vaudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Hai","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Doucet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chatenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.02071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-010-9586-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(00)01171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.39143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2122851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00086-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-0788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"85","volume":"42","author":"Chang L. 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