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Here we show that protective antigen (PA), a component of anthrax toxin, efficiently transports commonly used antibody mimics to the cytosol of mammalian cells when conjugated to the N\u2010terminal domain of LF (LF\n                    <jats:sub>N<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). In contrast, a cell\u2010penetrating peptide (CPP) was not able to deliver any of these antibody mimics into the cell cytosol. The refolding and binding of a transported tandem monobody to Bcr\u2010Abl (its protein target) in chronic myeloid leukemia cells were confirmed by co\u2010immunoprecipitation. We also observed inhibition of Bcr\u2010Abl kinase activity and induction of apoptosis caused by the monobody. In a separate case, we show disruption of key interactions in the MAPK signaling pathway after PA\u2010mediated delivery of an affibody binder that targets hRaf\u20101. We show for the first time that PA can deliver bioactive antibody mimics to disrupt intracellular protein\u2013protein interactions. This technology adds a useful tool to expand the applications of these modern agents to the intracellular milieu.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201402290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]],"date-time":"2014-09-22T17:33:20Z","timestamp":1411407200000},"page":"2458-2466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Delivery of Antibody Mimics into Mammalian Cells via Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Rabideau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley L.","family":"Pentelute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.06.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396962-0.00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396962-0.00005-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210483109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2007.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2012.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2011.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb3001167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205399109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20070178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"1","volume":"502","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"1","volume":"503","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311333110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.3.1.14110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104920200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M805956200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15344k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00227e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb1001153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396962-0.00012-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mthe.2001.0279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2005.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","volume-title":"The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.21.10277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/n35101998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth862"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00201-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.11.4955-4961.1994","volume":"62","author":"Arora N.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. 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