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GBS can colonize the vagina of pregnant patients and invade tissues causing ascending infections of the gravid reproductive tract that lead to adverse outcomes including preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and maternal or fetal demise. Additionally, transmission of GBS during labor or breastfeeding can also cause invasive infections of neonates and infants. However, human milk has also been shown to have protective effects against infection; a characteristic that is likely derived from antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of molecules that comprise human milk. Recent evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), short\u2010chain sugars that comprise 8\u201320\u2009% of breast milk, have antimicrobial and anti\u2010biofilm activity against GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Additionally, HMOs have been shown to potentiate the activity of antibiotics against GBS. This review presents the most recent published work that studies the interaction between HMOs and GBS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202100423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T22:09:25Z","timestamp":1632780565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Diverse Antimicrobial Activities of Human Milk Oligosaccharides against Group B <i>Streptococcus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University  7550 Stevenson Center Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University  7550 Stevenson Center Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2192-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Gaddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center A2200 Medical Center North  1161 21st Ave. S. 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